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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intelligence
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label for what intelligence tests measure OR the ability to learn from experience, think in abstract terms, and deal effectively with one's environment
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Reliability
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a test or method of assessment is reliable if it yields reproducible and consistent results
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Alternative form reliability
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two forms of the test correlate highly
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Internal consistency
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the degree to which the separate questions or items on a test measure the same thing
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Interrater agreement, or interjudge reliability
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correlation between raters or judges is high
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Validity
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measures what it is intended to measure
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Criterion or empirical validity
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correlating test score with some external criterion
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validity coefficient
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correlation of test score with some external criterion
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Criterion problem in assessment
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there is no measure of "truth" against which to validate the test
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Construct validity
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scores on test correlate with outcomes that the theory says it should predict
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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
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Stanford revision of Binet intelligence tests
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Intelligence Quotient
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expresses intelligence as ration of mental age to chronological age
IQ = MA/CA x 100 |
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
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a verbal scale and a performance scale that yield separate scores as well as a full scale IQ
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SAT, ACT
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examples of group-administered general ability tests
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Factor analysis
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Statistical technique that examines the intercorrelations among a number of tests and, by grouping those that are most highly correlated, reduces them to a smaller number of independent dimensions, called factors
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g
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General intelligence factor
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Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
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There are 7 distinct kinds of intelligence that are independent of one another, each operating as a separate system (or module) in the brain according to its own rules.
1)Linguistic 2)Musical 3)Logical-mathematical 4)Spatial 5)Body-kinesthetic 6)Intrapersonal 7)Interpersonal |
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Anderson's theory of intelligence
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Differences in intelligence result from differences in the "basic processing mechanism" that implements thinking, which in turn yields knowledge. Individuals vary in the speed at which basic processing occurs
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Sternberg's triarchic theory
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3 subtheories
1) Componential subtheory - deals with thought processes 2) Experiential subtheory - deals with the effects of experience on intelligence 3) Contextual subtheory - considers the effects of the individual's environment and culture |
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Ceci's bioecological theory
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proposes that there are "multiple cognitive potentials" rather than a single underlying general intelligence or g. These multiple abilities, or intelligences, are biologically based and place limits on mental processes. Their emergence, however, is shaped by the challenges and opportunities in the individual's environment, or context.
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Heritability
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the percentage of the variance in any trait that is accounted for by genetic differences among the individuals in a population
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