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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antisocial personality disorder
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disorder characterized by deficits in normal emotional responding - especially for shame, guilt, and fear - as well as deficits in empathy for the emotions of others
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Emotion
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a complex, multicomponent episode that creates a readiness to act
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Cognitive appraisal
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a person's assessment of the personal meaning of his or her current circumstances
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Subjective experience
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affective state or feeling tone
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Thought and action tendencies
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urges to think and act in certain ways
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Autonomic nervous system
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other smooth muscles
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Facial expressions
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The muscle actions that move facial landmarks in particular ways
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Responses to emotion
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how people cope with or react to their own emotion or the situation that elicited it
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Moods
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free-floating and diffuse affective states
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Person-environment relationship
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the objective situation in which a person finds him/herself
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Two-factor theory of emotions
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emotions were thought to result from the combination of two factors - an initial state of unexplained arousal plus a cognitive explanation (or appraisal) for that arousal
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Misattribution of arousal
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lingering physiological arousal can be mistakenly attributed to subsequent circumstances and intensify our emotional reactions to those circumstances
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Minimalist appraisal theoies
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reduce the number of appraisal dimensions to minimum, often based on fundamental themes
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Dimensional appraisal theories
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identify a range of appraisal dimensions thought to be sufficient to account for differences among emotions
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Core relational theme
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the personal meaning that results from a particular pattern of appraisals about a specific person-environment relationship
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Backward masking
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pictures (in experiment) were shown for only 30 milliseconds and then masked by a neutral picture so that participants were unaware of the picture's content
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Amygdala
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Small, almond-shaped mass that is located in the lower brain and is known to register emotional reactions
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Broaden-and-build theory
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positive emotions broaden our typical ways of thinking and acting and, in turn, build our lasting personal resources
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sympathetic nervous system
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prepares the body for emergency action. Can cause:
1)Blood pressure and heart rate increase 2)respiration becomes more rapid 3)The pupils dilate 4)Perspiration increases while secretion of saliva and mucus decreases 5)Blood-sugar level increases to provide more energy 6)The blood clots more quickly in case of wounds 7)Blood is diverted from the stomach and intestines to the brain and skeletal muscles 8)The hairs on the skin become erect |
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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energy-conserving system which returns the organism to its normal state
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Undoing effect of positive emotions
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positive emotions may help people recover from any lingering arousal that follows negative emotions
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Visceral perception
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our own perception of our own arousal
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William James
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author of first psych textbook
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James-Lange theory
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autonomic arousal differentiates the emotions
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Display rules
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specify the types of emotions people should express in certain situations and the behaviors appropriate for particular emotions. Vary across cultures
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Facial feedback hypothesis
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we receive feedback about our facial expressions, and this feedback can cause or intensify the experience of emotions
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Emotion regulation
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people's responses to their own emotions
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Collectivism
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cultures that emphasize fundamental connectedness and interdependence among people
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Individualism
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cultures that emphasize the fundamental separateness and independence of individuals
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Agression
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behavior that is intended to injure another person (physically or verbally) or to destroy property
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Frustration-aggression hypotheses
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whenever a person's effort to reach a goal is blocked, an aggressive drive is induced that motivates behavior intended to injure the obstacle (person or object) causing the frustration
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Social-learning theory
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shares basic principles of reinforcement with behaviorism, but differs from strict behaviorism in that it also emphasizes cognitive processes
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vicarious learning
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learning by observation
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Catharsis
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purging an emotion by experiencing it intensely
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