Intro Psych 1

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psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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structuralism

Back 2

idea that consciousness is made up of basic elements that can be studied and understood

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Wilhelm Wundt

Back 3

this man founded psychology and believed that it should be modeled after hard sciences

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functionalism

Back 4

this school of thought asserts that the function of consciousness, rather than its structure, is important to its understanding

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William James

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this man believed that consciousness was a continual flow of energy that couldn't be broken down into bits

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psychodynamic approach

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this attempts to explain personality, motivation, and psychiatric illness by exploring unconscious mental processes

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behaviorism

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this asserts that behavior is governed by environmental stimulus

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John B. Watson

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this man believed that consciousness was unobservable and that behavior could be measured objectively

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B.F. Skinner

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this man believed that free will is an illusion and that all behavior is determined by external stimuli

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humanism

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this emphasizes individuality, free will, and positive qualities

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Carl Rogers

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this man believed that behavior is governed by one's self-concept

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Abraham Maslow

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this man believed that all humans have a drive to grow to their full potential, limited by the ability to meet hierarchical needs

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cognitive approach

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this focuses on the mental processes involved in how we direct our attention, perceive, and solve problems

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biological approach

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this views understanding the brain and nervous system as central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion

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sociocultural approach

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this emphasizes the social and cultural influences on behavior

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hypothesis

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this is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables

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operational definition

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this describes the actions that will be made to measure or control a variable

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theory

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this is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations

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experiment

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this is when at least one variable is manipulated by a researcher under controlled conditions, and observations are made to record any corresponding changes in at least one other variable

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independent variable

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this is the variable used to to see the effect it has on the dependent variables

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dependent variable

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the variable the may or may not be affected by the independent variable

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random sampling

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this is where any random member of the population has an equal chance to be selected as a member of a sample

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random assignment

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this is where any member of a sample has an equal chance of being assigned to an experimental or control group

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experimental group

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this group receives some level of the independent variable

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control group

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this group does not receive any level of the independent variable

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central tendency

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this is the idea that a great amount of data lies toward the middle values of a data set

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correlation

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this is when two or more variables are related to each other

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correlation coefficient

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this is the number that falls within the range of -1 to 1

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P-value

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this is the probability that a given result is due to chance

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negative correlation

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this is an inverse relationship

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positive correlation

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this is a positive relationship

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neurons

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these are individual cells that receive, organize, and transmit information