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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Secondary Marine Invertebrates |
-evolves from terrestrial animals with marine ancestors -entirely/partly feed at sea -access of food was a driving force to move to ocean -differing degrees of dependence on marine environment -certain features indicate terrestrial origins (ie lungs breathe air) -can reveal consequences of living in marine ecosystem |
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Challenges of 2nd marine invertebrates: |
-salinity/osmoregulation -temperature/ body heat -diving -pressure -density, viscosity & locomotion |
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Challenges of secondarily marine: salinity/osmoregulation & temp/body heat |
S/O: inevitable intake of salt & absence of fresh drinking water= accumulation of salt & outflow is water Either become: -osmoregulators (maintain internal balance within narrow range regardless of external) -osmoconformers (content matches external) T/BH: 2nd marine organisms are warmer than water, water molecules draw heat out of body= high levels of heat loss (both ecto and endothermic) |
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Challenges of secondarily marine: diving & pressure |
Diving: all 2nd marine vertebrates have lungs and must breathe air= must maintain regular contact with the surface to breathe, related to their specific oxygen storing capacity Pressure: vertebrates undergoing deep/long dives are subject to: -compression effects are high pressure -effects of breathing air at high pressure (eg absorb more oxygen & nitrogen which can be toxic) |
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Challenges of secondarily marine: density, viscosity & locomotion |
Need less skeletal support in seawater as it experienced greater buoyancy and more resistance to movement Some have to move on land Viscosity= ability to move through particles |
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Fish: (define, diversity, types) |
-An aquatic vertebrate with gills and limbs in the shape of fins. -diversity= 28,000 living species with 482 families and 57 orders. 58% marine, 47% freshwater, 1% inbetween. -all are chordates (phylum chordata) TYPES: -Jawless, cartilaginous, type 1 -Jawless, cartilaginous, type 2 -Jawed, cartilaginous -lobe-finned, Bony fish -Ray-finned, bony fish -modern bony fish |
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Fish lifestyles: common shapes: examples |
•Active Swimmers= fusiform (cigar/streamline shaped), fast moving fish -rove predator (cruising, large distance) ie tuna. -ambush predator (accelerate, ilengated) ie barracuda •Hug bottom= flattened, usually camouflage, spend a lot of time stationary at the bottom or flounder • Sedentary= globular(circular), sit on bottom/hover around particular place (ie angler, box, stone fish) •Navigate large obstacles= deep, laterally compresses (squishes side to side), maneouvoure around large obstacles usually reef fish ie angel fish •Live in burrows/ tight spaces= snake like(long/thin) in crevices in sand, reduces/absent paired fins, often with dorsal and anal fins running along most of body. Ie moray eels, bennies |
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Challenges of secondarily marine: diving & pressure |
Diving: all 2nd marine vertebrates have lungs and must breathe air= must maintain regular contact with the surface to breathe, related to their specific oxygen storing capacity Pressure: vertebrates undergoing deep/long dives are subject to: -compression effects are high pressure -effects of breathing air at high pressure (eg absorb more oxygen & nitrogen which can be toxic) |
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Challenges of secondarily marine: density, viscosity & locomotion |
Need less skeletal support in seawater as it experienced greater buoyancy and more resistance to movement Some have to move on land Viscosity= ability to move through particles |
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Fish: (define, diversity, types) |
-An aquatic vertebrate with gills and limbs in the shape of fins. -diversity= 28,000 living species with 482 families and 57 orders. 58% marine, 47% freshwater, 1% inbetween. -all are chordates (phylum chordata) TYPES: -Jawless, cartilaginous, type 1 -Jawless, cartilaginous, type 2 -Jawed, cartilaginous -lobe-finned, Bony fish -Ray-finned, bony fish -modern bony fish |
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Fish lifestyles: common shapes: examples |
•Active Swimmers= fusiform (cigar/streamline shaped), fast moving fish -rove predator (cruising, large distance) ie tuna. -ambush predator (accelerate, ilengated) ie barracuda •Hug bottom= flattened, usually camouflage, spend a lot of time stationary at the bottom or flounder • Sedentary= globular(circular), sit on bottom/hover around particular place (ie angler, box, stone fish) •Navigate large obstacles= deep, laterally compresses (squishes side to side), maneouvoure around large obstacles usually reef fish ie angel fish •Live in burrows/ tight spaces= snake like(long/thin) in crevices in sand, reduces/absent paired fins, often with dorsal and anal fins running along most of body. Ie moray eels, bennies |
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Fish type: Jawless, cartilaginous, type 1: Main features, distribution & abundance, ecology. |
MF: -eel like body, paddle caudal fin, ventral fin fold, skeleton entirely cartilaginous, notochord but lack vertebrate, lack hinged jaws, eyes degenerate/ may not be visible, ventro-lateral slime glands produce lots of mucous in small time. D/A: -strictly marine with narrow salinity range, world wide, 20°C, mainly >30° latitudes, 0-5000m depth range, edge of continental shelf/upper levels of continental slope, in/on soft sediments/muds E: -scavengers, enter via orfice or burrow through skin & consume prey from inside, swarm around large prey items, mainly predate in small benthic invertebrates -ie Hagfish |
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Fish type: Jawless, cartilaginous, type 2: Main features |
-like type 1: entirely cartilaginous, with a notochord, no vertebrae or hinged jaw -eel like with caudral fin and dorsal fin, large eyes -parasitic adults & possess oral disc with numerous horny teeth used in attachment -ie Lampreys |
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Fish type: Jawed, cartilaginous: Define, types & their characteristics |
Class Chondrichthyes: Upper and lower jaws articulate 2 subclasses: holocephali and elasmobranchii •holicephali (ie chimaeras) -45 species (all marine), venomous sine in dorsal fin, strong heterocircle tail, propulsion by pectoral fin movement and body undulations, |
