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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What hormone is produced in the G-cells of the stomach and duodenum?
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Gastrin
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What is the major stimulus for the release of gastrin?
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Gastric distention
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What effect does gastrin have on HCl secretion, motility, and pancreatic secretions?
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It increases all of them.
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What hormon is produced in the duodenal mucosa?
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CCK-PZ
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What is the major stimulus for the release of CCK-PZ?
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Fats in the duodenum
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What are the 2 major effects of CCK-PZ?
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Increase in pancreatic enzyme secretion and gall bladder contractions.
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What hormone is produced in the S-cells of the duodenum?
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Secretin
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What is the major stimulus for the release of Secretin?
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Acid in the duodenum.
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What are the 3 major effects of the release of secretin?
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1. Increased pancreatic and liver electrolyte
2. Increased pepsin secretion 3. Decreased gastrin, motility, and acid secretion |
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Where are GLP hormones produced?
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In the L-cells of ilium/colon.
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What causes the release of GLPs?
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Presence of dietary fiber/fatty acids in intestinal lumen.
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What is the effect of GLP-1?
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Increased synthesis of insulin, trophic effect on pancreatic cells making insulin.
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What is the effect of GLP-2?
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Increased villi thickening, crypt cell proliferation, injury repair.
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What hormone do the beta cells of the pancreas secrete?
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Amylin
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What is the major stimulus for the release of amylin?
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blood glucose
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What effect does amylin have?
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appetite, motility, blood glucose control, and trophic to pancreas
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Where is motilin produced?
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ECFL and Mo cells of stomach, small intestine, and colon.
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What is the effect of motilin?
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Increase motility, major regulator of the migrating motor complex (MMC).
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What does the Submucosal plexus control?
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secretion and circulation and mucosae contraction
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Where is the myenteric plexus located?
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in between muscle layers
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What does the myenteric plexus control?
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motility
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What are the 4 neurotransmitters of the enteric nervous system?
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Ach, VIP, Norepinephrine, and Nitric Oxide
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What is the role of Ach?
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increase activity
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What is the role of VIP?
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Increase secretion, decrease motility
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What is the role of noriepinephrine?
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Decrease activity
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What is the role of NO?
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major inhibitory NT required to cause relaxation.
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What is Hirschsprung disease?
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An absence of NO in a portion of the intestine which causes constriction and eventually obstruction.
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How does the sympathetic nervous system directly effect GI activity?
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Decreases activity of intrinsic neurons, depress most GI functions.
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How does the parasympathetic nervous system directly effect GI activity?
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Increases activity of intrinsic neurons, excites most GI functions.
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Where are the neurons located in local reflexes?
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Located entirely in enteric nervous system (intrinsic), begins and ends in same organ.
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Where are the neurons located in long loop reflexes?
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Afferent to sympathetic ganglia then back to gut.
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Where are the neurons located in longest reflexes
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Cell body in dorsal root ganglion, to CNS, back to gut.
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How do we name GI reflexes?
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First part: origin of reflex
Second part: Where effect occurs |
