Intro. Biology Exam 1

Front 1

What are the characteristics of a living organism?

Back 1

Homeostasis
organization
responds to enviroment
composed of one or more cells
acquire and use energy
DNA determines form and function

Front 2

What is the definition of a theory vs. a hypothesis?

Back 2

Theory: generalization that explains many observations. It has been tested and have yet to be disproved.

Hypothesis: Tentative, testable explanation for observed phenomenon

Front 3

Scientific method:

Back 3

[OBSERVATION]
[FORM A HYPOTHESIS]
[EXPERIMENT/TEST]
[CONCLUSION]

Front 4

describe the particles that atoms are comprised of:

Back 4

[PROTONS]
[NEUTRONS]
[ELECTRONS]

Front 5

how is the atomic number of an element determined?

Back 5

[PROTONS]

Front 6

What makes an ion positive or negative?

Back 6

How many electrons it has

Front 7

What is an isotope?

Back 7

Forms of a single element that differ in the number of neutrons

Front 8

[COVALENT BOND]

Back 8

bonds in which atoms share electrons

Front 9

[IONIC BOND]

Back 9

atoms that are bonded through electrostatic attractions(opposites attract)

Front 10

[POLAR COVALENT BOND]

Back 10

shared electrons pulled closer to the more electronegative atom

Front 11

[HYDROGEN BOND]

Back 11

formed when partially positive hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond is attracted to a partially negative atom in a polar covalent bond in another molecule(holds water molecules together)

Front 12

[SOLUTION]

Back 12

mixture of 2 or more substances

Front 13

[SOLVENT]

Back 13

the substance in which a solute is dissolved

Front 14

[SOLUTE]

Back 14

substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Front 15

[ACID]

Back 15

any substance that donates hydrogen ions when put into a solution

Front 16

[BASE]

Back 16

any substance that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from a solution

Front 17

[pH]

Back 17

a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Front 18

[FUNCTIONAL GROUPS]

Back 18

the groups of atoms in an organic molecule that usually particapate in chemical reactions

Front 19

[MONOMER]

Back 19

single units(link together to make a molecule)

Front 20

[POLYMER]

Back 20

string of monomers

Front 21

[DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS]

Back 21

when molecules bond to one another and produce H2O--Water is given off in this reaction

Front 22

[HYDROLYSIS]

Back 22

when a more complex molecule is split into simpler molecules and water is required

Front 23

[SATURATED FAT]

Back 23

all C-C bonds

Front 24

[UNSATURATED FAT]

Back 24

at least one C-C bond is a double bond

Front 25

[DNA]

Back 25

contains the instructions for putting together proteins

Front 26

[RNA]

Back 26

takes DNA encoded instructions to the sites in cells where proteins are put together(stuck in the nucleus of the cell)

Front 27

[NUCLEUS]

Back 27

membrane bound department-->contains DNA

Front 28

[PLASMA MEMBRANE]

Back 28

outer boundary of the cell

Front 29

[CYTOPLASM]

Back 29

region inside the plasma membrane and outside of the nucleus

Front 30

[NUCLEOLUS]

Back 30

within the nucleus-RNA and proteins combine to make ribosomal subunits(will make up the ribosomes)

Front 31

[CYTOSKELETON]

Back 31

internal scaffolding that maintains the shape of the cell

Front 32

[CYTOSOL]

Back 32

fluid in which the cells organelles are immersed(outside of the nucleus)

Front 33

[RIBOSOME]

Back 33

structure that translates RNA to proteins

Front 34

[ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM]

Back 34

network of plasma membranes that have ribosomes embedded in the surface(in cytoplasm)

Front 35

[SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM]

Back 35

detoxifies potentially harmful substances and produces lipids(doesn't have ribosomes)

Front 36

[GOLGI COMPLEX]

Back 36

consists of membranous sacs with internal spaces. Receives proteins from the ER, modifies them and then ships them off to their final destination