Intro Bales Spinal Motor Systems Lesions

Front 1

(D) ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Back 1

Both upper and lower motor neurons degenerate

Front 2

(L) LMN: Lower Motor Neurons--usually nuclei or anterior horn

Back 2

CC: Flaccid paralysis, no voluntary or involuntary control, hyporeflexia/areflexia -Muscle can’t contract as a result of nerve firing -reflex and UMN input ineffective *Integrates information from UMNs and sensory reflex arcs

Front 3

(D) Poliomyelitis

Back 3

#NAME?

Front 4

(L) Ventral Horn/anterior Horn/Alpha Motor Neuron LMN

Back 4

CC: Muscle Paresis/Paralysis, Hypotonia/Atonia, Hyopreflexia/Areflexia/Flaccidity, Atrophy (due to disuse and loss of neurotrophic influence), Fasciculations

Front 5

(L) UMN: Upper Motor Neurons -CST

Back 5

CC: Spastic paralysis, non-voluntary control, hyperreflexia, hypertonicity -LMN can still fire to contract muscle, but not voluntarily -reflex and supraspinal input intact

Front 6

a. (L) UMN cortex to pyramids

Back 6

a. contralateral paralysis in the affected homuncular somatotopic parts

Front 7

b. (L) UMN at pyramids

Back 7

b. mixture (both contralateral and ipsilateral)

Front 8

c. (L) UMN below the pyramids (LCST: Lateral corticospinal tract)

Back 8

c. ipsilateral paralysis

Front 9

3 signs that might be evoked

Back 9

*Originate in the cerebral cortex (BA6, BA4, post-central gyrus, layer 5) or brainstem (red nucleus, superior colliculus, retinular nuclei, vestibular nuclei) and descend : synapse on LMNs or interneurons (to LMNs) from Pyramidal tract or extrapyramidal tracts

Back 10

3 signs that might be evoked:

Back 11

1.        Clonus: rapid alternating muscle contractions induced by passive stretch

Back 12

2.        Clasp Knife: pulling on a spastic flexed limb met initially with resistance, then a sudden loosening

Back 13

3.        Bablinski: +, big toe dorsiflexes and toes flare

Front 14

(D) Cerebral Palsy

Back 14

#NAME?

Front 15

(L) CST UMN (cortico-spinal tract)

Back 15

CC: Positive babinski’s sign (hallucal dorsiflexion and toe fanning, normal in children under 2 years of age) = Pyramidal tract not healthy *longest continuous tract in the body (cortex to spinal cord), somatotopically organized

Front 16

(L) UMN: Above the red nucleus (comatose pt)

Back 16

CC: Decortication: lower limbs are extended, upper limbs are flexed -red nucleus unaffected and disinhibited, extra flexor tone

Front 17

(L) UMN: Below the red nucleus (comatose pt)

Back 17

CC: Decerebration: lower limbs are extended, upper limbs are extended -red nucleus flexor input lostnd disinhibited, extensor tone unapposed

Front 18

Limb Paralyses

Back 18

Quadraplegia, Paraplesia, Hemiplegia, Upper Diplesia, Monoplegias

Front 19

(D) ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Back 19

Both upper and lower motor neurons degenerate

Front 20

(L) LMN: Lower Motor Neurons--usually nuclei or anterior horn

Back 20

CC: Flaccid paralysis, no voluntary or involuntary control, hyporeflexia/areflexia -Muscle can’t contract as a result of nerve firing -reflex and UMN input ineffective *Integrates information from UMNs and sensory reflex arcs

Front 21

(D) Poliomyelitis

Back 21

Lower Motor Neuron problem -an RNA virus destroys motor neurons in the anterior horn and brainstem CC: asymmetric atrophies

Front 22

(L) Ventral Horn/anterior Horn/Alpha Motor Neuron LMN

Back 22

CC: Muscle Paresis/Paralysis, Hypotonia/Atonia, Hyopreflexia/Areflexia/Flaccidity, Atrophy (due to disuse and loss of neurotrophic influence), Fasciculations

Front 23

3 signs that might be evoked

Back 23

CC: Spastic paralysis, non-voluntary control, hyperreflexia, hypertonicity -LMN can still fire to contract muscle, but not voluntarily -reflex and supraspinal input intact

Front 24

(D) Cerebral Palsy

Back 24

Upper Motor Neuron problem--lesions of immature brain

Front 25

(L) CST UMN (cortico-spinal tract)

Back 25

CC: Positive babinski’s sign (hallucal dorsiflexion and toe fanning, normal in children under 2 years of age) = Pyramidal tract not healthy *longest continuous tract in the body (cortex to spinal cord), somatotopically organized

Front 26

(L) UMN: Above the red nucleus (comatose pt)

Back 26

CC: Decortication: lower limbs are extended, upper limbs are flexed -red nucleus unaffected and disinhibited, extra flexor tone

Front 27

(L) UMN: Below the red nucleus (comatose pt)

Back 27

CC: Decerebration: lower limbs are extended, upper limbs are extended -red nucleus flexor input lostnd disinhibited, extensor tone unapposed

Front 28

Limb Paralyses

Back 28

Quadraplegia, Paraplesia, Hemiplegia, Upper Diplesia, Monoplegias

Front 29

(D) ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Back 29

Both upper and lower motor neurons degenerate

Front 30

(L) LMN: Lower Motor Neurons--usually nuclei or anterior horn

Back 30

CC: Flaccid paralysis, no voluntary or involuntary control, hyporeflexia/areflexia -Muscle can’t contract as a result of nerve firing -reflex and UMN input ineffective *Integrates information from UMNs and sensory reflex arcs

Front 31

(D) Poliomyelitis

Back 31

Lower Motor Neuron problem -an RNA virus destroys motor neurons in the anterior horn and brainstem CC: asymmetric atrophies

Front 32

(L) Ventral Horn/anterior Horn/Alpha Motor Neuron LMN

Back 32

CC: Muscle Paresis/Paralysis, Hypotonia/Atonia, Hyopreflexia/Areflexia/Flaccidity, Atrophy (due to disuse and loss of neurotrophic influence), Fasciculations

Front 33

(L) UMN: Upper Motor Neurons -CST

Back 33

CC: Spastic paralysis, non-voluntary control, hyperreflexia, hypertonicity -LMN can still fire to contract muscle, but not voluntarily -reflex and supraspinal input intact

Front 34

a. (L) UMN cortex to pyramids

Back 34

a. contralateral paralysis in the affected homuncular somatotopic parts

Front 35

b. (L) UMN at pyramids

Back 35

b. mixture (both contralateral and ipsilateral)

Front 36

c. (L) UMN below the pyramids

Back 36

c. ipsilateral paralysis

Front 37

3 signs that might be evoked

Back 37

Clonus: rapid alternating muscle contractions induced by passive stretch , Clasp Knife: pulling on a spastic flexed limb met initially with resistance, then a sudden loosening, Bablinski: +, big toe dorsiflexes and toes flare

Front 38

(D) Cerebral Palsy

Back 38

Upper Motor Neuron problem--lesions of immature brain

Front 39

(L) CST UMN (cortico-spinal tract)

Back 39

CC: Positive babinski’s sign (hallucal dorsiflexion and toe fanning, normal in children under 2 years of age) = Pyramidal tract not healthy *longest continuous tract in the body (cortex to spinal cord), somatotopically organized

Front 40

(L) UMN: Above the red nucleus (comatose pt)

Back 40

CC: Decortication: lower limbs are extended, upper limbs are flexed -red nucleus unaffected and disinhibited, extra flexor tone

Front 41

(L) UMN: Below the red nucleus (comatose pt)

Back 41

CC: Decerebration: lower limbs are extended, upper limbs are extended -red nucleus flexor input lostnd disinhibited, extensor tone unapposed

Front 42

Limb Paralyses

Back 42

Quadraplegia, Paraplesia, Hemiplegia, Upper Diplesia, Monoplegias