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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the best amnestic agents and good anxiolytics?
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Midazolam and Lorazepam
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What increases lipid solubility and thus decreases time to onset of action? via the GABA a receptor
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Midazolam
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What are some SE w/Midazolam?
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seizures, hypotension, apnea
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What is the shortest acting Opioid?
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Remfentanil
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What is commonly used for neuroanesthetic?
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Remifentanil
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What works via Inhibition of stimulatory neuronal systems?
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Ketamine
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"dissociative" anesthetic?
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Ketamine
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kids, nightmares, increases ICP, HR, BP saliva, and tonic-clonic episodes?
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Ketamine
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What is an Imidazole derivative?
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Etomidate
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What is an IV anesthetic that would be good for pts. w/ CV probs?
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Etomidate
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What is a SE of Etomidate?
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Myoclonus
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Diisopropyl Phenol?
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Propofol
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What is the MOA of Propofol?
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GABA-a and Glycine
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Burns, fast, euphoria, and decreases ICP and BP?
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Propofol
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Milk of Amnesia?
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Fospropofol---prodrug w/faster onset
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beta 3 subunit of GABAa receptor?
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Propofol and Etomidate inhibit it to stop pain stimulus
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beta 2 subunit of GABAa receptor?
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Propofol and Etomidate inhibit it to cause sedative effects
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What kind of administration is given w/IV anesthetics?
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Bolus
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What is known as the truth serum?
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Thiopental
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What is the gold standard induction agent?
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Thiopental
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What is the MOA for Thiopental?
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binds to the GABA a receptor, thus increases Cl ion flux into cells and stimulates inhibitory neuronal systems
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What is used to protect the brain against hypoxia/ischemia injury?
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Thiopental
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What is used for hiccups?
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Thiopental
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What are the best amnetic agents?
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Benzos
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What binds to the GABAa receptor and their effects are concentration dependent?
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Benzos
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What IV anesthetic has a pka=6.2 and w/injection to plasma will increase the solubility, and thus decreases time to onset of action?
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Midazolam
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What is the MOA of Opioids?
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bind to mu receptor
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What are some SE seen w/Opioids?
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pruritis, rigid chest wall, pts forget to breathe
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What Opioid's termination of action depends on ELIMINATION?
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Remifentanil
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What is commonly used for neuroanesthetics?
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Remifentanil
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What is the MOA of Ketamines?
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via INHIBITION Of stimulatory neuronal systems
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Give an example of an "dissociative" anesthetic. (their cogntive fxn is separate from their stimulatory system)
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ketamines
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What class of drug is Ketamine?
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Non-competitive NMDA antagonists
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What are some SE seen w/Ketamines?
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hallucinations, crazy dreams, increased ICP, HR, BP, and myocardial depressent, bronchodilation, tracheobronchial secretions incr., nystagmus, tonic clonic
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What is the MOA of Etomidates?
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activates GABAa receptor
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What IV anesthetic is used for pts. w/CV risks?
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Etomidates
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What is a bad SE of Etomidates?
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Myoclonus
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What is the MOA of Propofol?
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2 sites: GABA-A and glycine
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What IV anesthetic burn on injxn, extremely fast acting, and gives a sense of euphoria?
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Propofol
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What is Milk of Amnesia?
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Fospropofol
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What IV anesthetic has the highest rate of elimination?
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Remifentanil
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Anesthetic induced sedation is mediated by _________________________.
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Tuberomammilary nucleus of the thalamus
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Anesthetic induced amnesia is mediated by ________________________.
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higher brain strx (hippocampus)
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What does the Unitary Hypothesis say?
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Suggest single site w/a common mechanism. Compounds are not big, they just have a lot of Fs.
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What affects the MOA of IV anesthetics?
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the RECEPTOR affects ( not the solubility)
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IV and volatile agents activate _________________receptor.
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GABA a receptors
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____________receptor is activated by volatile agents.
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Glycine
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What are background channels?
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Tandem pore K channels
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What is the working hypothesis?
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Anesthetics excite the inhibitory postsynaptic channel activity (GABAa and Glycine)
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Propofol and Etomidate inhibit painful stimuli by interacting with __________________.
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beta 3 subunit of GABAa receptor
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Propofol and Etomidate mediate sedative effects by interacting with__________________.
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beta2 subunit of GABAa receptor
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What is releasead by Thiopental?
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Histamine
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T or F: Thiopental is an Antanalgesia?
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TRUE
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What is a highly selective Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists?
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Dexemedetomidine
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What are 3 sites of action for Dexemedetomidine?
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1. Locus Ceruleus 2. Spinal Cord 3. Autonomic Nerves
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Dexemedetomidine activation on Locus Ceruleus produces what?
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sedation, relief of anxiety, and a decrease in sympathetic discharge
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Dexemedetomidine activation of SC has what effect?
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analgesic effect, w/decreased HR and BP
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