Intoduction To Communicative Disorders Ch.1 & Ch. 2

Front 1

Why is communication an "overlaid function'?

Back 1

It makes use of other structures that have other primary functions. Same muscles that allow us to breathe. Also provide driving force for speech.

Front 2

larynx primary function

Back 2

to guard against aspiration

Front 3

sits atop of the trachea

Back 3

larynx

Front 4

cricoid cartilage

Back 4

ring-shaped forms the base of the larynx

Front 5

thyroid cartilage

Back 5

sits above circoid cartilage at the base of the larynx

Front 6

Why is communication an "overlaid function'?

Back 6

It makes use of other structures that have other primary functions. Same muscles that allow us to breathe. Also provide driving force for speech.

Front 7

larynx primary function

Back 7

to guard against aspiration

Front 8

sits atop of the trachea

Back 8

larynx

Front 9

cricoid cartilage

Back 9

ring-shaped forms the base of the larynx

Front 10

thyroid cartilage

Back 10

sits above circoid cartilage at the base of the larynx and forms anterior wall

Front 11

arytenoid cartilages

Back 11

the vocal folds extend posteriorly from the thyroid cartilage to these two bases

Front 12

glottis

Back 12

area between the vocal folds

Front 13

vocal folds are v shaped because...

Back 13

they have a common point in the front of the larynx and they diverge in the posterior aspect by the action of the arytenoids.

Front 14

During voicing Arteynoids move..... ______eachother

Back 14

toward

Front 15

arytenoid cartiliages sit on top of

Back 15

posterior cricoid cartilage

Front 16

muscles that move arytenoid cartilage so the vocal folds come TOGether

Back 16

Laryngeal adducters

Front 17

muscles that move arytenoid cartilage so the vocal folds move apart

Back 17

laryngeal abducters

Front 18

phonating position

Back 18

when vocal folds come together

Front 19

subglottal air pressure

Back 19

air built up below the vocal folds, which causes this increased air pressure.When this pressure is greater than the presure holding v.f.s together they are blown apart.

Front 20

pitch of the voice relates directly to

Back 20

the rate or frequency at which teh vocal folds open and close.

Front 21

normal pitch of the speaking voice is determined primarily by

Back 21

the size and mass of the vocal folds

Front 22

what are vibrations per second or cycles per second called

Back 22

hertz

Front 23

changes in subglottal air pressure changes

Back 23

changes the intensity or loudness of the voice

Front 24

when stretched teh vocal folds become thinner and they vibrate more quickly, producing...

Back 24

higher frequencies

Front 25

Sound waves that we recognize from the human voice result from both

Back 25

both the sound produced by the larynx and the filtering of that sound by the resonance system.

Front 26

immediately above the larynx, first place sound waves travel.

Back 26

pharynx

Front 27

videoendoscopy

Back 27

illuminated lends to look down the back of the throat toward the larynx

Front 28

The overall size of the of the oral opening is primarily determined by the

Back 28

mandible

Front 29

greatest flexibility of all muscles in the body

Back 29

tongue

Front 30

velum

Back 30

soft palate ,musculature structure,

Front 31

nasal-oral coupling

Back 31

sound waves entering the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Front 32

hypernasality

Back 32

failure to move the velum rapidly enough, resulting in excessively nasal speech

Front 33

hyponasality

Back 33

insufficient nasal resonance often due to excessive velopharyngeal closure.

Front 34

palate is made up of

Back 34

bony hard palate and muscular soft palate (velum)

Front 35

oral-peripheral examination

Back 35

evaluation of the structure and function of the articulatory mechanisms.

Front 36

corpus callosum

Back 36

hemispheres of cerebrum are joined at the midline by this large band of fibers

Front 37

surface of brain, series of ridges

Back 37

gyri

Front 38

grooves on brain

Back 38

sulci

Front 39

Large sulci

Back 39

fissures

Front 40

frontal lobes

Back 40

primary motor cortex, which sends neural commands, including those needed for speech, to specific parts of the body. regions involved with attention, impulse control, and judgement.

Front 41

parietal lobes

Back 41

primary sensory cortex, which receives sensory information from the body as well as other regions that support a number of cognitive functions.

Front 42

occipital lobes

Back 42

back of the brain, receive and process visual information

Front 43

temporal lobes

Back 43

contain the primary auditory cortex as well as regions important for language comprehension and memory

Front 44

neurons

Back 44

cells that support different types of brain acitivy

Front 45

cortex

Back 45

surface matter of cerebrum also gray matter

Front 46

white matter

Back 46

lighter gray fibers branching from the gray matter. beneath cortex

Front 47

basal gangli

Back 47

subcortical bodies. these neural bodies are connected to teh cerebellum and to cortical regions involved in moment.

Front 48

Disorders of Basal Ganglia:

Back 48

Parkinsons Disease results in impaired moevments

Front 49

Thalamus

Back 49

collection of subcortical neurons. receives and processes all types of information that is relayed between areas of the brain.

Front 50

primary auditory cortex

Back 50

superior surface of temporal lobe (inside sylvian fissure) in the left hemisphere it is surrounded by cortical tissue that supports higher level auditory function, including comprehension of spoken language.

Front 51

primary motor cortex

Back 51

located in the frontal lobe of each hemisphere. produce movements needed for speech.

Front 52

overproduction of neurons and connections between the cells

Back 52

normal brain development THEn lifelong fine tuning

Front 53

Broca's aphasia

Back 53

lost ability to express oneself through spoken language. Retain cognitive functioning

Front 54

Broca's area

Back 54

inferior left frontal lobe. area closely associated with processes important for expressive language.

Front 55

Wernicke's Aphasia

Back 55

lost ability to comprehend spoken language

Front 56

Wernicke's Area

Back 56

posterior part of the left temporal lobe. Associate with language comprehension.

Front 57

cerebral localization perspective

Back 57

certain regions within the brain appear necessary for a particular skill or function

Front 58

Sylvian Fissure

Back 58

areas surrounding are critical language areas

Front 59

perisylvian region

Back 59

area around sylvian fissure essential for langauage INCLUDES primary auditory cortex and the primary sensory and motor regions for the face that are located on either bank of the ROLANDIC fissure (at right angles with Sylvian fissure) Includes Broca's and Wernicke's area

Front 60

connectionist perspective

Back 60

emphasizes the interconnectedness of functionally related brain regions.

Front 61

primary motor cortex

Back 61

located in the frontal lobe of each hemisphere. produce movements needed for speech.

Front 62

overproduction of neurons and connections between the cells

Back 62

normal brain development THEn lifelong fine tuning

Front 63

Broca's aphasia

Back 63

lost ability to express oneself through spoken language. Retain cognitive functioning

Front 64

Broca's area

Back 64

inferior left frontal lobe. area closely associated with processes important for expressive language.

Front 65

Wernicke's Aphasia

Back 65

lost ability to comprehend spoken language