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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Incas
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very advanced civilization for its time
fierce warrior that conquered many tribes advanced agriculture techniques (silos contained corn and potatoes for times of draught) When Pizarro arrived, Incas were forced to mine for gold; king was eventually killed died by the thousands due to European diseases like smallpox and influenza |
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Fujimori
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a university professor
Japanese wanted to mobilize military against the Shining Path won 2 elections and fulfilled his promise; tried to run for third presidency and was imprisoned |
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Shining Path
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also known as Sandero Luminozo
movement that encouraged peasants to pursue a better life led by Guzman killed those who were with the government |
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1949 Constitution
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abolished Costa Rica's army
still has a police force and paramilitary force though? without an army, it is far more difficult for dissenting forces to engineer a coup, and indeed, there have been on successful attempts to dislodge civilian rule since 1949 also abolished parties that were perceived as threatening to democratic rule, such as the Communist party |
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Pepe Figueres
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led an armed group to take over the government (who had allied with Communists)
governed for a year and a half voluntarily turned control of the government over to the victor of the annulled election by doing so, he firmly established a respect for elections that had been growing in Costa Rica since the turn of the century |
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Switzerland of Central America (Costa Rica)
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Sandinista revolutionaries were fighting with the Contras in Nicaragua, above Costa Rica
the U.S. was getting involved (due to the fear of the spread of Communism) and wanted CR to get involved too Costa Rica feared getting caught up in an impossible international conflict that could only result in deep harm being done to their country's national economy and society. Oscar Arias dedicated himself to bringing peace to the region drew together all the leaders of Central American countries to develop a peace plan |
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Haya de la Torre
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started APRA, which had four principles:
1. agrarian reform 2. anti-nationalization of Panama Canal 3. non-intervention (no U.S. involvement) 4. Indo-America, under which indians would all come together from different countries |
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Chicago Boys
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a group of young Chilean economists who were educated at the Chicago school of economics by Milton Friedman
they were part of a project formed by the CIA to influence Chilean economics their policies were not implemented until Pinochet came to power in 1973 policies included: -opening Chile to internal and external competition by relying on privatization -removing price controls -reducing tariffs -expanding exports -deregulatin While these principles worked initially, they were applied to rapidly (shock therapy) and so hurt Chile's economy |
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Bachelet
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first female president of Chile
she was exiled under Pinochet to East Germany, where she studied socialism after ousting of Pinochet, she became the first Socialist president since Allende in 2006 when she returned to Chile, she enrolled in medical school and eventually became involved in politics |
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Concertacion
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The Concert of Parties for Democracy (Spanish: Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia), more often known as the Concertación, is a coalition of center-left political parties in Chile, founded in 1988. Presidential candidates under its banner won every election from when military rule ended in 1990 until the conservative candidate Sebastián Piñera won the Chilean presidential election in 2010.
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War of the Pacific
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conflict involving Chile, Bolivia, and Peru
dispute was over region of the Atacama desert, which was thought to contain valuable minerals Bolivia was the aggressor and wanted increased tax money from the Bolivian mines that Chile was using Bolivia declared war on Chile AND Peru Bolivia ended up losing the war AND its access to the ocean |
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Commission of Truth and Reconciliation (Chile)
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investigation of human rights abuses under Pinochet
had no judicial powers and did not identify the perpetrators listed the victims by name and called for moral and monetary reparations to the families of the victims led by Aylwin administration |
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Allende
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Chile's first socialist president
former doctor elected in 1970 by a 36% majority for awhile, he tries to satisfy everyone, but then he is pressured by the socialists to nationalize copper mines, give cut rate prices for gas, and reform agriculture he raised the minimum wage price of oil became very high; truck drivers went on strike; food shortages as a result military began to move away from Allende Pinochet used military to overthrow Allende |
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What happened after Mexico declared independence in 1820?
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Spaniards were expelled, but economy went into shambles
Spaniards knew how to do everything mining, roads, textiles industries fell apart |
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What happened after the Mexican-American War in 1835?
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Texas split from Mexico
Guadelupe Hidalgo Treaty--1848 supposed to protect Mexicans living in Texas Gadsden Purchase 1850s--Santa Anna sold land to the U.S. that should have remained in Mexico |
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Mexican Revolution
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struggle from 1911-1920 that ended the 30 year rule of Porifirio Diaz and established a constitutional republic
Diaz had favored the wealthy landowners; used rurales (police force) to scare people into voting for him Creelman Interview--Diaz said that he would step down, but then never did Francisco Madero emerged as "leader of the masses" and ran against Diaz, who sent Madero into exile Madero fought for: -curtailed power of the church -more indigenous rights -reduced military influence -agrarian reform Madero eventually sends Diaz into exile and becomes president |
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Partido Institutional Revolucionario [PRI]
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dominant political party in Mexico from 1929 until Vicente Fox's election in 2000
declared itself to be revolutionary in nature, yet held Mexico with an authoritarian grip a coalition of regional and local political-military bosses and labour and peasant leaders. This governing coalition sought a more conservative evolution (though often under “revolutionary” guises) and more stability in government. PRI is based on clientelism and a system of patrimonial relationships that flowed from the corporatist, authoritarian model of governance elections were designing for managing competing interests, not for political pluralism although Mexico's political system has evolved over time, it nonetheless remains highly authoritarian |
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corporatism
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focuses on group rights
there are financial incentives for cooperating with the state many different interest groups |
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NAFTA
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1990
trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. factory operations moved to norther Mexico -women in factories were being exploited by the "maculadores" [factory owners] -labor has since shifted to Asia since labor is even cheaper over there inequality has grown in Mexico since NAFTA economic downturn in southern Mexico |
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drugs in Mexico
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many Mexicans believe that if the U.S. were not such a market, there would not be a drug problem
Calderon has made an effort to control drug problem, but bloody war has gone on drug lords will often build schools/health clinics for a community in exchange for their support |
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What are Mexico's relations with the U.S.?
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Mexicans felt taken advantage of after the Gadsden Purchase
labor unions (which support PRI) have joined links with American unions U.S. security issues at the border due to drugs and illegal immigrants Mexico depends on the water sources coming from the U.S. |
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Francois Duavlier
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president of Haiti; elected in 1957
dictator reign of terror with secret police economy greatly deteriorated |
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Jean-Bertrand Aristide
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democratically elected president of Haiti in 1990
temporarily ousted; U.S. imposed trade embargo on Haiti Pres. Clinton promised 1 billion in aid to Haiti if Aristide was reinstated |
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Why is Haiti considered a predatory state?
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government exists to increase personal wealth of its own officials
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Why is Dominican Republic a Spanish speaking island nation?
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island of Hispaniola was initially colonized by Spain
after Napoleon defeated Spain in Europe, Spain gave Haiti to the French (hence, Haitians speak some French) Spain still maintained control over DR |
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Trujillo
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military dictator of DR
trained under U.S. military, when U.S. forces occupied the island ordered the massacre of thousands of Haitians in Sosua invited Jews from Europe to come live in DR to detract attention from massacre attempted to murder Betancourt inflated DR's population count so that DR could get more $$$ from the U.S. |
