Intl 101 - F13 - Mt 1

Front 1

Age-Sex structures

Back 1

A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a human population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which ideally forms the shape of a pyramid when the region is healthy.

Front 2

Agflation

Back 2

The increase in the price of food that occurs as a result of increased demand from human consumption and use as an alternative energy resource. The price increases that agflation causes are largely passed on to the end consumer

Front 3

Agribusiness

Back 3

The structure of companies and industries around the production of food. Farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales.

Front 4

Al-Jazeera

Back 4

Literally "The Island". An independent broadcaster owned by the state of Qatar through the Qatar Media Corporation. Al-Jazeera gave the 2nd Gulf war a new face of news.

Front 5

Bracero Program

Back 5

A series of laws and diplomatic agreements, initiated by exchange of diplomatic notes between the United States and Mexico in 1942, for the importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the United States. After the expiration of the initial agreement in 1947, the program was continued in agriculture under a variety of laws and administrative agreements until its formal end in 1964.

Front 6

CAFOs

Back 6

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation. Any animal feeding operation (AFO) that (a) confines animals for more than 45 days during a growing season, (b) in an area that does not produce vegetation, and (c) meets certain size thresholds. Produces huge amounts of non-absorbable waste.

Front 7

Carrying Capacity

Back 7

The maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.

Front 8

China's One Child Policy

Back 8

Restricts urban couples to only one child, while allowing additional children in several cases, including twins, rural couples, ethnic minorities, and couples who both lack siblings themselves. In 2007, according to a spokesman of the Committee, approximately 35.9% of China's population was subject to a one-child restriction.

Front 9

CNN

Back 9

American Cable News Network: One of the three major news corporations along with NBC and Fox News.

Front 10

Dependency ratio

Back 10

Age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force (the dependent part) and those typically in the labor force (the productive part). It is used to measure the pressure on productive population.

Front 11

Distancing

Back 11

The phenomenon when people watch or hear about news and distance themselves from certain images and coverage. So, Coverage on dead Americans will be much more powerful when viewed by an American audience than by a Middle Eastern one. While Middle Eastern audiences will respond more violently to images of destroyed Middle Easterners.

Front 12

Fair Trade

Back 12

Fair trade is a social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries make better trading conditions and promote sustainability. Advocates the payment of a higher price to producers as well as higher social and environmental standards. Focuses, most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey, cotton, wine, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.

Front 13

Family reunification

Back 13

A recognized reason for immigration in many countries because of the presence of one or more family members in a certain country, therefore, enables the rest of the family to immigrate to that country as well.

Front 14

Famine

Back 14

A widespread scarcity of food. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Caused by: poverty, war, drought, poor gov policy

Front 15

Fertilizer

Back 15

Any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply plant nutrients. Estimates report 30 to 50% of crop yields are attributed to natural or synthetic commercial fertilizer.

Front 16

Food dependencies

Back 16

The importing of food forcing communities to be dependent on a number of factors such as oil/ transportation, political relationships, climate, etc. to get food.

Front 17

Food security

Back 17

Happens when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

Front 18

Forced resettlement

Back 18

a range of situations in which persons are required to relocate their home for reasons beyond their control. This can occur as a result of warfare or persecution

Front 19

Global mass migrations

Back 19

Any migration of a large amount of people over a long period of time. Current mass migrigations include rural to urbal and south to north (LDC to MDC)

Front 20

Globesity

Back 20

A neologism for the global epidemic of obesity. 1 billion overweight adults, 300 million obsese (115 in LDCs)

Front 21

GM Foods

Back 21

Foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise than mutation breeding. Other techniques by which humans modify food organisms include selective breeding; plant breeding, and animal breeding, and somaclonal variation.

Front 22

Green revolution

Back 22

A series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1970s, that increased agriculture production around the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.

Front 23

HYVs

Back 23

Any of a group of genetically enhanced cultivars of crops such as rice, maize and wheat that have an increased growth rate, an increased percentage of usable plant parts or an increased resistance against crop diseases.

Front 24

IRRI

Back 24

The International Rice Research Institute. The main goal of IRRI is to find sustainable ways to improve the well-being of poor rice farmers and consumers, as well as the environment. It is Asia's largest non-profit agricultural research center.

Front 25

Malthus

Back 25

English economist who predicted in 1798 that the world would have high rates of population growth and suffer from poverty and starvation. Observed in 1798 to 1826 that sooner or later population gets checked by famine and disease.

Front 26

Monsanto

Back 26

A US-based multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. It is the world's leading producer of the herbicide glyphosate, marketed as "Roundup". Monsanto is also the leading producer of genetically engineered (GE) seed; it provides the technology in 90% of the genetically engineered seeds used in the US market.

Front 27

Norman Borlaug

Back 27

Norman Ernest Borlaug (March 25, 1914 – September 12, 2009) was an American agronomist, humanitarian, and Nobel laureate, developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties. Won nobel peace prize in 1970

Front 28

Overpopulation

Back 28

A condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. The term often refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth. Humans are 10,000 times more common then we should be.

Front 29

Poverty of News

Back 29

The paradox between the proliferation of news and current affairs tv channels and the decline in the quality and quantity of foreign news, especially about and from the developing world.

Front 30

Productionism

Back 30

Holds that the fundamental problem of economic life is how steadily to increase the ability to produce in the face of a limitless need and desire for wealth

Front 31

Remittances

Back 31

Money sent by migrants back to their home countries. Migrants send over $338 billion to LDCs

Front 32

SRI

Back 32

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a method of increasing the yield of rice produced in farming. Uses 80-90% fewer seeds Younger plants spaced in rows and squares for greater root space Fields not flooded. Lower or no inputs of pesticides and fertilizer DOES require more tilling for weed control

Front 33

Traditional Agriculture

Back 33

Localized, small-scale, subsistence level Localized dependencies -Diverse, small scale, labor intensive, low output of a variety of crops.