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35 Cards in this Set
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Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points |
-4 main points: -Open Agreement -Free Trade -Democracy -Self-Determination -More optimistic than realistic -pushed for more lenient terms for Germany |
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Treaty of Versailles |
-1919 -Ended WW1 between Germany and the allies -Full responsibility for causing the war is put on Germany -Germany forces to pay reparations |
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Treaty of St. Germain |
-1919 -Ended the war between Austria and he allies -Registers the breakup of the Habsburh Empire -Covenant of the League of Nations integrally included |
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Treaty of Neuilly |
1919 -Ends WW1 between Bulgaria and the allies -Bulgaria is forced to ceceed land to Greece and Yugoslavia
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Treaty of Trianon |
-1920 -Ends WW1between Hungary and the allies -Registered the status of Hungary as an independent state with defined borders -Hungary loses 2/3 of its former territory |
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Treaty of Sévres |
-1920 -Ends WW1 between the Ottoman Empire and the allies -The Ottoman Empire is abolished -They lose all of their colonies |
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Treaty of Lausanne |
-1923 -Between Turkey and the allies -Recognises the territory of modern Turkey -Allies abandon all claims to spheres of influence in Turkey |
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Aaland Islands |
-1917-1921 -These islands are equidistant between Finland and Sweden -They traditionally belonged to Finland but the inhabitants wanted to be governes by Sweden -League decided that the islands were to stay in Finland's possession and it was demilitarized |
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Polish-Soviet War |
-1919-1921 -Poland becomes an independent nation with unclear eastern border with Russia -Alliance is made with Ukrainian nationalist -With help of League Poland was able to defeat Soviets, establish an eastern border, and halted spread of Bolshevikism is Western Europe |
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Fiume |
-1920 -Kingdom of Serbs, Croatz, and Slovenes as well as Italy wanted to establish a buffer state -Pushed to be a free and independent state -Fell when later annexed by Italy on 1924 |
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League's Mandate System |
-Colonies taken away from members of the Triple Alliance -Colonies putt into 3 categories: A, B, and C -Looked over by members of league, France, Great Britain, Japan, etc. |
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Upper Silesia Plebiscite |
-1921 -The Treaty of Versailles had given the people of upper silesia the right to have a referendum whether they wanted to be part of Germany or Poland - an extremely close lead to mass riots - league split Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland |
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Fascist Party |
-Founded by Benito Mussolini in 1921 -Rooted in Italian nationalism and the desire to restore former territory -Opposed free thinking liberalism and Marxist socialism |
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Washington Treaties |
-1921-1922 -US response to rising tensions in the Pacific and naval arms race -Four Power pact: recognition of.possessions in Pacific -Five Power pact: agreed to a fixed naval ratio and a 10 year moratorium on new naval armaments -Nine Power pact: Opened China up for fair and equal trade as well as establishing a respect of China's authority |
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Locarno Treaty |
-1925 -Relations with Germany normalized - Germany accepted its new borders and renounce violence - improved Western European diplomatic climate |
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Ruhr Crisis |
-1923 -Germany fails to pay second reparation payment of 2 billion gold marks - French in Belgian soldiers invade the Ruhr region of Germany - Massive German inflation and workers strikes - End of Entente |
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Corfu Incident |
-1923 -Italian efficient assassinated in Greek territory - in retaliation delayed decides to send an ultimatum to Greece requesting the prosecution of the assassin and pay reparations - Greece appealed to the league, they urged Greece to pay the reparations |
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Greco-Bulgarian War |
-1925 -The Greek soldier allegedly chased his dog over the border of Macedonia and he was shot accidentally - Alternatively Bulgarian soldiers related to the Greek border and attacked the Greek outpost - grease is belligerent party and invades Bulgaria but league forces Greece to withdraw and pay compensation - Faith lost in league because of differential treatment between and smaller and larger powers |
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First Five-Year Plan |
-1928-1932 -Focused on collectivization and industrialization - An attempt to erase any trace of capitalism - Emphasis on heavy industry - All industry and services nationalized - Forced collectivization of farms: enormous human life cost
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Geneva disarmament conference |
-1930-1934 -Germany believed it should have an equal army to France -France how I ever wanted Germany's army to stay smaller in order to prevent future conflict |
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Lytton Report |
-1931 -Labels Japan as the belligerent party in the Manchurian incident |
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Manchurian invasion: Manchukuo |
-1931 -Japan invades Manchuria immediately following the Mukden incident -Mukden Incident: Japanese generals planted a bomb instead of to explode on a Japanese owned railroad in Manchuria and used it as a reason to invade -Manchukuo is the now puppeted Manchuria |
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Second Year Plan |
- 1933-1938 -emphasis on heavy industry and communication, especially railroads - introduce childcare to motivate mothers to contribute to workforce - industry shift from consumer goods to military goods |
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Corporate State |
- 1934 -Employers and employees syndicates were linked together in associations to collectively represent the nation's economy - Producers work alongside the state to set economic policies - This is done partly in an attempt to reduce class conflict through collaboration |
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Amau Doctrine |
- 1934 -Japanese Monroe Doctrine - Asia is now with in Japan spear of influence and any foreign intervention will not be tolerated by Japan |
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Stresa Front |
-1935 Great Britain France and Italy meet to discuss a new German air force - They wanted Germany to confirm the content of the Treaty of Versailles and not break it - Ultimately failed because of the Anglo German naval agreement
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Hoare-Laval Pact |
-1935 -Great Britains and Frances response to the Italian invasion of Abyssinia - 2/3 of a Abyssinia would go to Italy and 1/3 would stay Abyssinian - Deal ultimately failed |
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Mutual Assistance Pact |
- Soviet Union in France mutually assist each other in case of aggression or offensive by Germany - if the Soviet Union or France were to come under threat by another European state they can engage in a mutual coalition under Article 10 of the league - Soviet Union in France will fully support each other under an unprovoked attack |
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Anglo-German Agreement |
- 1936 -Germany's Navy was allowed to be up to 35% of the Royal Navy's size
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Anti Comintern Pact |
- 1936 -Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan join together obstinately directed against the Communist International - formed the basis of the axis |
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Braind-Kellogg Pact |
- 1928 -international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts |
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Neutrality Act |
- in 1935 the United States forbade the sale of arms are loans to belligerent parties - In 1937 it extended previous act to include civil war and this eventually became permanent |
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Little Entente |
- made up by Poland (1921), Czechoslovakia (1924), Romania (1926), and Yugoslavia (1927) - formed in part to prevent the restoration of the Habsburg Empire |
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Protectionism |
- The shielding of a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by import taxes and other economic barriers |
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Isolationism |
-Foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted their nation's best interests were served best by distancing themselves from others -Method for limiting international involvement |
