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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is interpretation defined?
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Environmental interpretation involves translating the technical language of a natural science or related field into terms and ideas that people who aren’t scientists can readily understand
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NAI mission
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Interpretation is a mission-based
communication process that forges emotional and intellectual connections between the interests of the audience and the inherent meanings in the resource. |
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Where do interpreters work?
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U. S. National Park Service
Other Federal agencies: –USDA Forest Service –U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service –U.S. Army Corps of Engineers –U.S. Bureau of Land Management State agencies –Parks, Wildlife Areas, Forests, Recreation Areas, Scenic Rivers and Trails County/Township/City agencies –Parks, Museums, Historic Sites Private Sector –Nature Centers –Zoos –Interpretive Villages and Farms –Aquariums –Luxury and Adventure Cruising Companies –Museums |
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Types of Interpretation: Personal—direct, face-to-face
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–Guided walks
–Illustrated talks –Demonstrations –Roving –Front desk/entrance station |
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Types of Interpretation: Personal—Benefits
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Control over messages the visitor receives
–Interaction, answer questions –Provides management with better understanding of visitor concerns –Authenticity |
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Types of Interpretation: Nonpersonal
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Brochures/pamphlets/maps
–Newsletters –Signs –Exhibits –Videos –Computers |
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Types of Interpretation: Nonpersonal—Benefits
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Reaches more visitors
–Allows visitors freedom and individual exploration –Often the first line of contact |
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Freeman Tilden
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Considered father of modern
interpretation 1957— Interpreting Our Heritage published First book to lay out interpretive principles and guidelines |
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Tilden’s First Principle
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Any interpretation that does not
somehow RELATE what is being displayed or described to something within the personality or experience of the visitor will be sterile. |
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Tilden’s Second Principle
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Information, as such, is not
interpretation. Interpretation is REVELATION based upon information. |
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Tilden’s Third Principle
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Interpretation is an ART, which
combines many arts, whether the materials presented are scientific, historical, or architectural. Any art is to some degree teachable. |
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Tilden’s Fourth Principle
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The chief aim of interpretation is not
instruction, but PROVOCATION. |
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Tilden’s Fifth Principle
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Interpretation should aim to
present a WHOLE rather than a part, and must address itself to the whole person rather than any phase. |
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Tilden’s Sixth Principle
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Interpretation addressed to children
should not be a dilution of the presentation to adults, but should follow a fundamentally different APPROACH. |
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
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Basic Needs
– Physiological – Safety and security Growth Needs – Love and belonging – Esteem – Self-actualization |
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Knowing Your Audience
Tilden’s First Principle in Practice |
Basic Info:
• Age • Where do they come from? • How long do they stay? • What activities do they participate in? |
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Knowing Your Audience
• Captive |
• Grades
• Diplomas • Jobs/Employment • Money • Advancement • Success |
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Knowing Your Audience
• Noncaptive Audiences |
Recreation
• Entertainment, Fun • Refuge/Solitude • Information/Education • Inspiration • Time with family and friends |
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Writing Program Objectives
The WAMS Method |
When?
Audience? Method? Standard? |
