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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Johari Window |
Quadrant 1: Public Area - aspects of your self that you and others are aware of. Includes everything you openly disclose, music, food, religious beliefs, values, etc. Quadrant 2: Blind Area - facets of yourself that are readily apparent to others through your interpersonal communication but that you're not aware of. Includes strengths that you may not see in yourself or character flaws that don't mesh with your self-concept Quadrant 3: Hidden Area - parts of yourself that you're aware of but that you hide from others Quadrant 4: Unknown Area - aspects of yourself that you and others aren't aware of, such as unconscious motives and impulses that strongly influence your interpersonal com. |
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speech and rhetorical studies |
examines how people use words to change or solidify an audience’s belief |
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communication studies |
involves research on interpersonal communication, organizational communication and intercultural communication |
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mass communication and media studies |
considers the history and current state of media industries, critically analyzes media messages, and examines the relationships between mass and culture |
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telecommunication studies |
development, use, regulation and impact of radio, TV, telephony, internet and related technologies |
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research |
forming a set of initial questions then systematically answering them |
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theory |
a set of descriptive statements that define a phenomenon and identify various relevant factors |
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qualitative approaches |
the careful, observation and description of events in an attempt to identify general patterns and identify principles that govern the events |
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quantitative approaches |
the testing of hypotheses within carefully controlled settings |
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communication is |
- a process - uses messages to convey meaning - occurs in a variety of situations and contexts - happens through various channels; auditory, visual, tactile, smell, oral, etc. - requires many tools, or media
the process through which people use messages to generate meaning within and across contexts, cultures, channels and media* |
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media |
tools for exchanging messages. They can include: email, texts, Facebook, twitter, face-to-face, phone calls, handwritten notes, etc. |
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3 Models of Communication Process: Linear |
information flows in one direction, from starting point to an end point - text —> receiver - leaving a message - book definition: a depiction of communication messages that flow in one direction from a starting point to an end point |
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3 Models of Communication Process: Interactive |
involves senders and receivers, but is also influenced by feedback and fields of experience. - sender and receiver - notice non-verbal symbols and signals - book definition: a depiction of communication messages that are exchanged back and forth between a sender and a receiver and are influenced by feedback and the fields of experience of both communicators |
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3 Models of Communication Process: Transactional |
co-communicators - multi-dimensiaonl process (like a dance) where each person equally influences the communication behavior of others - co-communication |
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interpersonal communication |
dynamic form of communication between 2 or more people in which the message exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors and relationships * dynamic- constantly in motion and changing over time* typically transactional but can also be linear or interactive * primarily dyadic (involving 2 people) * changes the participants’ thoughts, behaviors, emotions and relationship |
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I-Thou |
way of relationship that depends bonds and affirms individual bonds |
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I-It |
viewing the other as an object, leading to impersonal communication or even disrespectful communication |
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principles of interpersonal communication |
1. conveys content and relationship info 2. intentional or unintentional 3. is irreversible 4. is dynamic 5. intertwined with ethics and moral principles |
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content meaning |
conveys the explicit topic of a message. It consists of the ideas or feelings the speaker is tying to share |
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relational meaning |
is more implicit and contextual; it defines our relationship with the speaker, where’re content meaning is contained in what is said, relational meaning lies in how something is said |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
1. physical 2. safety/security 3. social 4. ego needs 5. self-actualization needs |
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goals |
1. self-presentation goals 2. instrumental goals 3. relationship goals - desires to prevent ourselves in particular ways so that others perceive you as a certain type of person - practical goals we want to achieve (win an argument) - building, maintaining and end bonds with others |
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4 issues gaining attention |
- cultural differences - gender and sexual preference - online communication - the dark side of interpersonal communication |
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competence |
ability to communicate appropriately, effectively, and ethically in a consistent way |
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appropriateness |
the degree to which your communication matches situational, relational and cultural expectations |
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self monitoring |
how we judge how appropriate our communication is - high - self monitors follows expectations while low-self monitors “act like themselves” |
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ethics |
set of moral principles that guide out behavior towards others |
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self-awareness |
the ability to view yourself as a unique person and then reflect on your thoughts, feelings and behaviors |
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social comparison |
observing and assigning meaning to other’s behavior and then comparing it against your own |
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self-discrepency theory |
the idea that your self-esteem results from comparing who you are to what you are others wish you were |
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self-concept |
your overall perception of who you are as influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, values you have about yourself. “how you see yourself" |
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looking glass self |
our beliefs about how others see and evaluate us. self-concept is strongly influenced by emotional responses to your looking-glass self |
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self-fulfilling prophecy |
predictions about future interactions that lead us to behave in ways that ensure the interaction unfolds as we predicted |
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self-esteem |
the overall value, positive or negative, that we assign to ourselves |
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ideal self |
the characteristics you want to possess based on your desires “the perfect you" |
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ought self |
* the person others wish and expect you to be
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the noble self |
the one self who has a self-schema that emphasizes consistency above all else |
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the rhetorical reflector |
on the other extreme has no self to call their own. For each person and each situation they have a new self to present |
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the rhetorical sensitive |
complex scheme. repertoire of selves and present the one that fits the context we are in. this is good; owns all those personalities |
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the sources of self |
- shaped by the powerful outside forces of gender, family and culture - gender: the composite of social, psychological and cultural attributes that characterize a person as male or female - communication apprehension: individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication (public speaking, job interviews, etc.) |
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attachment anxiety |
degree to which a person fears rejection by relationship partners |
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attachment avoidance |
degree to which someone desires close interpersonal ties |
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4 attachment styles: secure |
develops when a caregiver is highly affectionate and responsive during childhood, secure and dependable. low anxiety, comfortable with intimacy |
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4 attachment styles: preoccupied |
high in anxiety and low in avoidance. sex to satisfy need to be loved, lack of trust. “I know you don’t love me.” caregiver givers little care or attention |
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4 attachment styles: dismissive |
view close relationships as unimportant. priority self reliance, casual sex without love and view that positively. low opinion of others |
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4 attachment styles: fearful or anxious |
gives limited care and attention, high in both attachment and avoidance. Fear rejection, avoid relationships unless partners rely on them for some reason (financial, etc.) |
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individualistic culture |
taught that individual goals are more important than group or societal goals. encouraged to focus on themselves and their immediate family |
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collective culture |
taught the importance of belonging to groups or "collectives" that look after you in exchange for your loyalty. the goals, needs and views of groups are emphasized over those of individuals |
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mask |
public self defined to conceal your private self |
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embarrassment |
occurs when we lose face, when information arises that contradicts you face: - to remedy embarrassment: - acknowledge the event - admit responsibility - move to regain face |
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social presentation theory |
3 layers to the self 1. outermost, peripheral layers 2. intermediate layers 3. central layers |
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3 ways to improve your online self-presentation |
1. be wary of information that contradicts your self-image 2. routinely conduct web searches on yourself 3. keep the interview test in mind |
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relational dialectics |
tensions between ourselves and our feelings toward others - Three common forms: * openness versus protection* autonomy versus connection * novelty versus predictability |
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Revealing of Self involves... |
- breadth: the number of different aspects of self revealed at each layer - depth: how deeply into one another’s self the partners have penetrated |
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honesty |
truthful communication, without exaggeration or omission of relevant information. Failing to tell someone something can be as dishonest as an outright lie |
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self-disclosure |
revealing private information about yourself to others |
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impersonal process model of intimacy |
the closeness we feel towards others is created through self-disclosure and responsiveness of listeners |
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intimacy |
feelings of closeness and “union” that exists between us and our partners |
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self disclosure .... (4 points) |
* varies across and within cultures
* happens more quickly online * promotes mental health * occurs among men and women equally |
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improve your self-disclosure skills |
* know yourself
* know your audience * don’t force others to self disclose * don’t presume gender preferences * be sensitive to cultural differences * so slowly (dyadic effect) |
