International Relations Midterm

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international relations

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the relationship between nations

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State

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a territorial entity controlled by the government and inhabited by a population

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nation

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groups of people who share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture

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Nation-states

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large states

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Examples of Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) plus description

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organizations whose members are national governments

NATO, United Nations, world bank, INBAR

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North-South Split

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rich industrialized countries in the north and relatively poor countries in the south. The north includes both the west and old east. The south is often called third world

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The core principles for solving collective principles are:

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dominance, reciprocity, and identity

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Dominance

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solves collective goods problems by establishing a power hierarchy in which those at top control those below...Example would be the UN security council

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reciprocity

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solves collective goods problems by rewarding behavior that contributes to the group and punishing behavior that pursues self interest at the expense of the group..."you scratch my back, ill scratch yours" and "eye for an eye"

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Identity

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does not rely on self interest...sacrifices their own interest to benefit others

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nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

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private organizations, some of considerable size and resources

Examples: Red Cross, Lions Clubs

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Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

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companies that span multiple countries

Examples: Exxonmobil, toyata, walmart

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non-state actors

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individuals, cities, constituencies

Examples: AL Qaeda, Iraqi Kurdistan

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individual level of analysis

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concerns the perceptions, choices, and actions of individual human beings

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domestic level of analysis

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concerns the aggregations of individuals within states that influence state actions in the international area (interest groups)

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interstate or international level of analysis

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concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes. Focuses on the interactions of states themselves, without regard to their internal makeup or particular individuals who lead them

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global level of analysis

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seeks to explain international outcomes in terms of global trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states themselves

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Realism

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a school of thought that explains international relations in terms of power...dominate or be dominated. Everyone is acting out of self interest

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Power

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the ability to get another actor to do what it would not otherwise have done(or not to do what it would have done)

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Anarchy

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a term that implies not complete chaos or absence of structure and rules, but rather the lack of a central government that can enforce rules

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Balance of power

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general concept of one or more states' power being used to balance that of another state or group of states...U.S and S.U

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Mutually assured destruction

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if get attacked, will assure we will completely destroy your country using nukes

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multi-polar

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5 or 6 centers of power that are not allied

world war one, 1960's between U.S, S.U, and China

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bi-polar

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has two predominate states or two great rival alliance blocks...Cold war

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Uni-polar

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single center of power...post cold war U.S.A also called hegemony

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zero sum game

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one player's gain is by definition equal to the others loss

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non-zero game

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it is possible for both players to gain or lose

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What does Sun Tzu say about moral reasoning as it relates to armed and dangerous neighbors?

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essentially that moral reasoning is not very useful

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geopolitics

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the use of geography as an element of power

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choke points

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geographic points used to enhance military capability

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Collective Security

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refers to the formation of a broad alliance of most major actors in an international system for the purpose of jointly opposing aggression by any actor

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liberalism

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see the rules of IR slowly revolving and overtime becoming more peaceful...try to explain how peace and cooperation are possible

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Constructivism

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theory that states have humans that have thoughts, and wherever that idea came from, we build on that...asks how states construct their interest through their interactions with one another...states interest are constantly changing

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Democratic peace theory

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Democracies do not fight wars with other democracies

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Guerilla Warfare

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warfare without front lines, irregular forces often hide among civilians...

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self-determination

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implies that people who identify as a nation should have the right to form a state and exercise sovereignty over their affairs

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Crimes against humanity in terms of the Rwanda genocide

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800,000 ethnic Tutsis killed by the Hutu extremist..International response was weak...and too late to save the people

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Hegemonic war

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war over control of the entire world order- the rules of the international system as a whole...World war 2

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Total war

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Ware fare by one state waged to conquer and occupy the other. Goal is to reach capital and force the surrender of the government. World war 2

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Limited war

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military actions carried out to gain some objective short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy. U.S gulf War