International Relations Midterm

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Knowledge

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the ability to make a statement with a high probability of being correct

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cognitive miser

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one who uses "cheap information" (such as ideological, religious preferences) to arrive at an opinion regarding new information or situations

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cognitive consistency

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the tendency to interpret new information in such a way as to be consistent with already existing views

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cognitive dissonance

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when views on one issue conflict with views on related issues

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descriptive knowledge

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a precise statement of the quantity and qualities of social behavior

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correlational knowledge

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a precise statement of two facts that co-vary a large percentage of the time

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theory

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a precise and thorough statement of the conditions that cause behavior

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normative knowledge

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statement of beliefs or values that are morally or ethically superior

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policy analysis

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analysis direct at ascertaining optimal policies, usually in terms of costs and benefits

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inductive knowledge

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knowledge gained through generalization of example or experience

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deductive knowledge

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knowledge gained through the generalization of logical analysis

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operational definition

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a definiation that specifies the operations required to collect information about the phenomenon under study

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spurious factor

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a factor which merely appears to cause behavior because it is also related by the true causal factor

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diplomatic history

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the assumption that the primary factors influencing conflict and peace are the successful practive of the diplomatic method and the negotiation of legal principles

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classical liberalism

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the branch of liberalism that places an emphasis on the assumption of innate harmony in human nature

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liberal supranationalism

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the branch of liberalism that emphasizes the role of supranational institutions in preserving peace by punishing aggression

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neo-liberalism

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the branch of liberalism that emphasizes the influence of democracy, free trade, and/or int'l institutions rather than the influence of human nature

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cosmopolitan

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belonging to all the world; free from local, provincial, or national ideas, prejudices, attachments

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rationality

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the ability to state and rank goals, survey costs and benefits, and choose alternative that maximizes goals

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rent-seeking

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the effort to monopolize society's benefits, to shift the costs of policies to others, or both

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classical realism

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the branch of realism that places an emphasis on the assumption of innate conflict, power seeking in human nature

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neo-realism

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the branch of realism that emphasizes the influence of anarchy in the int'l system

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offensive realism

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a branch of realism that predicts that insecurity will cause states to seek absolute security through dominance rather than through balance of power

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defensive realism

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the branch of realism that predicts that states can satisfy their security needs through a defensive balance of power

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mercantilism

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the use of economic instruments (policy) to increase state power

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complex interdependence

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a school of thought that predicts increased international cooperation because of the decline in the utility of military force and the increase in global interdependence

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cooperation

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the adjustment of policies or behavior such that both sides are better off than they would be

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noncooperation

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to adjust policies and behavior to take advantage of a superior outcome

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transaction costs

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the costs required to monitor compliance with agreements

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international regime

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the principles, rules, norms, and procedures that facilitate reciprocity in a given issue area

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marxist-leninist school

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a school of thought that identifies the causes of war as class conflict, especially conflict within and between capitalist societies

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imperialism

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the process of establishing an empire through direct annexation and subjugation of territory

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neoimperialism

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the process of establishing an empire through economic, political, and military penetration and influence

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terms of trade

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price ratio of exports to imports