International Relations

Front 1

hegemony

Back 1

power and control exercised by a leading state over other states

Front 2

balance of power

Back 2

the power of one state or group of states is checked by the countervailing power of other states

Front 3

society of states

Back 3

an association of sovereign states based on their common interests, values, and norms

Front 4

right of self defence

Back 4

a states right to wage war in its own defence

Front 5

self-determination

Back 5

the right of a political community or state to become a sovereign state

Front 6

international society

Back 6

an association of member states who not only interact across international borders but also share common purposes, organizations, and standards of conduct ; core value is political independence

Front 7

Westphalian international society

Back 7

3 principles: king is emperor in his own realm (sovereigns are subject to no higher political authority), ruler determines the religion, balance of power (to prevent any hegemon from rising above the rest

Front 8

self determination

Back 8

people should enjoy self-government over their own soverign nation-state; the right of a political community or state to become a sovereign state

Front 9

sinatra doctrine

Back 9

statement by soviet foreign ministry stating that the countries of easter europe were doing it their way; marked the end of the brezhnev doctrine and soviet hegemony in eastern europe

Front 10

sovereignty

Back 10

condition of a state being free of any higher authority; the state has supreme authority domestically and independence internationally

Front 11

pax americana

Back 11

global peace dictated by American power

Front 12

perestroika

Back 12

policy of restructuring; gorbachev intended to modernize the soviet political and economic system

Front 13

rapprochement

Back 13

re-establishment of more friendly relations between the peoples republic of china and the US in the early 1970s

Front 14

ostpolitick

Back 14

the "eastern policy" of the mid to late 1960s designed to develop relations between west germany and members of the warsaw pact

Front 15

mutually assured destruction

Back 15

condition on which both superpowers possessed the capacity to destroy one another even if they were attacked first

Front 16

neoclassical realism

Back 16

a version of realism that combines both structural factors such as the the distribution of power and unit-level factors such as the interests of states

Front 17

NATO

Back 17

organization established in 1949 consisting of 12 (eventually 16) countries from western europe and north america; included american commitment to defence of western europe

Front 18

Liberalism

Back 18

4 claims: citizens are juridicially equal and have equal rights to education, access to free press, and religious toleration, the legislative assembly of the state possesses only the authority granted by its people, whose basic rights it is not allowed to abuse, the right to own property including productive forces, economic exchange is mainly market driven and not one that is subordinate to bureaucratic regulation

Front 19

"end of history"

Back 19

famous phrase by fukuyama; one phase of history shaped by the antagonism between collectivism and individualism had come to an end leaving liberalism triumphant

Front 20

failed state

Back 20

a state that has collapsed and cannot provide for its citizens without help from outside and where the govt of the state has ceased to exist inside the territorial borders

Front 21

detente

Back 21

relaxation of tensions between the east and west (Soviet-US lasted frome late 60s to late 70s and was characterized by negotiations and nuclear arms control agreements)

Front 22

brezhnev doctrine

Back 22

declaration in 1968 that stated members of the warsaw pact would enjoy limited soverignty in their political development ; used to justify the crushing of Czechoslovakia in 1968

Front 23

truman doctrine

Back 23

statement in 1947 by harry truman ; policy of the US to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures; intended to persuade congress to support greece and turkey; it also came to be the policy of containmnet of communism

Front 24

melian dialogue

Back 24

athens showed their power over melos and told the melians that they had to obey because they were more powerful than them and the stronger state could do what they wanted

Front 25

"eastern question"

Back 25

what to do about the decline of the ottoman empire

Front 26

glasnost

Back 26

policy of greater openness; involving greater toleration of internal dissent and criticism

Front 27

containment

Back 27

american political strategy for resisting soviet expansion; became a powerful factor for the relations between US and soviets for the next 40 years

Front 28

appeasement

Back 28

policy of making concessions to an expandin state in hopes that it will appease its appetite; infamously associated with Chamberlain - their is peace in our time?- in the munich agreement of 1938

Front 29

autarky

Back 29

pursuit of national economic self-sufficiency - policy pursued by many states during depression to distance themselves from failing international market

Front 30

collective security

Back 30

the foundation principle of the league of nations; member states would take a threat on one member as a threat on all of them; league would respond to international law problems

Front 31

14 points

Back 31

Woodrow wilson's liberal views on how to create a peaceful world; a set of principles he wished peace would be constructed upon; promotes free trade and liberalized markets, soverignty of nations, new approach to diplomacy (open covenants), international organization based on collective security

Front 32

german problem

Back 32

unification of germany created a powerful sovereignty, center of europe now dominated by a vast state, huge unified population, rapid industrialization, capacity of outward expansion, other states went into alliances to counter their growing power

Front 33

coexistence

Back 33

the doctrine of live let live between political communities or states

Front 34

suzerain state

Back 34

state which dominates and subordinates other neighboring states without taking them over

Front 35

empire

Back 35

distinct type of political entity, which may or may not be a state, possessing both a home territory and a foreign one

Front 36

imperialism

Back 36

the practice of foreign conquest and rule in the context of global relations of hierarchy amd subordination; can lead to establishment of an empire

Front 37

total war

Back 37

term given to the two world wars to denote global scale but also the combatants pursuit of their opponents' unconditional surrender; also the mobilization of whole populations

Front 38

revolutionary upheavals during the 1970s

Back 38

cambodia, vietnam, afghanistan, iran, grenada, nicarauga

Front 39

arms control

Back 39

limited test ban treaty (bans atmospheric, underwater, outer space tests, nuclear non-proliferation treaty (limits spread of nuclear weapons),salt I (limits strategic arms), biological weapons convention (bans production/use)