Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
relative gains
|
states compare their gains with those of other states when making decisions about security
|
|
|
the bretton woods system
|
1944 countries agreed to fix the currency at a certain value (the dollar). US promised to back the currency with gold at $35 an ounce. Exchange rates were anchored to a dollar-gold standard. Resulted in a very stable and unchanging exchange rate.
|
|
|
Gatt (general agreement on tariffs and trade)
|
interim agreement signed in 1947 in the expectation that it would be superseded by an international trade organization
|
|
|
the IMF (international monetary fund)
|
established in 1945 to create and ensure a stable exchange rate regime and the provision of emergency assistance to countries facing a temporary crisis in their balance of payments regime (promote international monetary cooperation and resolve inter-war economic problems)
|
|
|
the world bank (originally called the international bank for reconstruction and development)
|
created to facilitate private investment and reconstruction in europe
|
|
|
the group of 7 (now G-8)
|
(US, japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Canada) industrialized countries began discussing monetary issues amongst themselves with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system
|
|
|
WTO
|
trade negotiations produced a new world trade organization in the 1980s.
|
|
|
article 42
|
UN security council article that declares the right to use force
|
|
|
artcle 41
|
UN security council article that declares economic sanctions
|
|
|
article 33
|
UN security councol article that determines the existence of threats to peace
|
|
|
jus in bello
|
laws of war - governing the conduct of war once launched (ex. targeting civilians, political prisoners)
|
|
|
jus ad bellum
|
laws of declaring war- when it is legally permitted to wage war
(ex. peace enforcement by UN forces, self defense) |
|
|
Pacta sunt servanda
|
states must observe treaties that they have signed
|
|
|
customary international law
|
wide range of rules binding upon states
|
|
|
liberalism IPE
|
free markets, free trade, free movement of capital, benefit from comparative advantage, invisible hand
|
|
|
mercantilism IPE
|
share presumptions of realists, world economy is an arena of competition among states, each state will do what it can to survive
|
|
|
marxism IPE
|
world economic relations are best conceived as a class struggle between oppressors (means of production) and the oppressed (working class)
|
|
|
UNDP Human Development index
|
1990- measures nations development based on life expectancy, education and purchasing power
|
|
|
elements of regimes
|
norms,principles, rules, and decision making procedures
|
|
|
categories of regimes
|
economic, environmental, security, communication
|
|
|
principle organs of the UN
|
security council, secratariat, general assembly, economic and social council, trusteeship council, international court of justice
|
|
|
stockholm conference
|
1972 - UN conference on human environment - first international conference on the environment - established UNEP and earthwatch
|
|
|
montreal protocol
|
1987 - set standards for regulation of ozone and cfc's
|
|
|
kyoto protocol
|
1997 - mandate the redution of greenhouse gases in the developed world (US never signed)
|
|
|
Agenda 21
|
non binding and set up a program of action of sustainable development
|
|
|
pluralism
|
liberalism - considers all organized groups as being potential political actors, transnational actors, or intergovernmental organizations
|
|
|
formation of the EU
|
treaty of Rome 1957 - set up EEC (European Economic union - FTA)
Single Europe act - 1985 - set up common market treaty of maastricht (1992) - set up monetary union and changed the name to EU |
|
|
levels of european integration
|
free trade area, customs union, common market, economic and monetary union
|
|
|
comprehensive test ban treaty
|
1996 - outlaws testing of nuclear weapons, not legal but people follow
|
|
|
Strategic arms reduction talks
|
reduce US and USSR nuclear arsenals
|
|
|
intermediate nuclear forces
|
1987 - eliminate intermediate range nuclear weapons of europe
|
|
|
missile technology control regime
|
1987 - control transfer of ballistic missile technology to limit risks of proliferation
|
|
|
strategic arms limitation talks
|
limits US and USSR nuclear arsenals
|
|
|
non proliferation treaty
|
1968/1995 - control the spread of nuclear weapons, prohibit NWS from helping other states acquire nuclear capabilities
|
|
|
groups like the EU
|
NAFTA - North American free trade agreement
ASEAN - association of southeast asian states AU - African Union APEC - Asia Pacific economic cooperation MERCOSUR - Common markets of the south |
|
|
global society
|
at the beginning of the 21st century the process of globalization has accelerated to the point where the clear outlines of global society are now evident
|
|
|
anomie
|
system operating in the absence of norms or rules
|
|
|
purposes of the UN
|
maintain international peace and security
develop friendly relations among nations solve economic,social,cultural,humanitarian problems |
|
|
branches of international law
|
humanitarian, criminal, diplomatic, law of the sea
|
|
|
principles of the UN
|
sovereign equality of all members
states shall refrain from using or threatening force the UN cant intervene in states |
|
|
civil society
|
everything outside of states arena, govt action
(ex. social movements, NGOs, businesses, CBOs, media) |
|
|
why states form IGOs
|
foster communication
legitimize state action (rarely will states do anything without consent) act as neutrals |
|
|
UNCED (UN conference on environment and development)
|
1992 - rio declaration, agenda 21, FCCC (framework convention on climate change), kyoto protocol
|
