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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are Stanley Hoffman's three criteria for change and continuity?
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1) What are the systems basic units?
2) What are the policy goals of the primary units, in relation to one another? 3) What are the capabilities of the units? |
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What are the 3 types of analysis?
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1) Normative - analysis of values held by a society; how things should be
2) Empirical - to attach ovservable events within a theoritical frame work, use these observations as evidence for historical & statistical analysis. 3) Policy - find the best way to achieve your goal. |
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What are the Levels of analysis?
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1) Systemic - global actors & patters of interaction.
2) State - government type & what takes place in it. 3) Individual - leaders & citizens |
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Concept of sovereignty - four parts:
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1 - State is the highest authority for its people.
2 - State has the right to manage its own affairs, without outside interferance. 3 - State may not recognize any outside authority it does not want to recognize. 4 - Each state has the same international status as any other state. |
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Defining characters of a state:
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1 - Governing aperatus
2 - population 3 - defined borders 4 - military |
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What are Stanley Hoffman's three criteria for change and continuity?
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1) What are the systems basic units?
2) What are the policy goals of the primary units, in relation to one another? 3) What are the capabilities of the units? |
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Defining characters of a state:
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1 - Governing aperatus
2 - population 3 - defined borders 4 - military |
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Concepts of nation & nation-state
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Nation - a group of peeople who identify themselves as a group based on ethnicity, linquist, & culture - eskimo's
Nation-State - state taht has managed to maintain a group of people who identify themselves with the state within they live - Ireland or Japan. |
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Concept of foreign policy
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Output of states in the international system consisting of a set of decesions made by governing authorities to realize a states international goals.
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4 categories of Foreign Policy Decesion Making:
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1 - Core-objectives - must be achieved at all times
2 - Long-range objectives - states role in the international system 3 - Middle-range objectives - economic development & social goods 4 - Short-range objectives - crisis management; 9/11 |
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Determinants of foreign policy: a level of analysis approach.
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Systemic Level
Geo-politics - where a state is located & its physical terrain. Polarity of the system - concentration of power in the international system. State Level Military capabilities Level of economic development Type of gov't - demo. vs. autocracy; demo is not effiencent in F.P. Militancy of state religion Individual Level What type of leader it is |
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Rational Actor Model
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Ideal type, views the state as a unitary rational actor.
1 - clarify its goals 2 - order these goals in importantance 3 - examine all releveant alternatives to achieve these goals 4 - examine consequences 5 - compare these consequences with alternatives 6 - decision making policy that closely matches your objective 7 - moniter & evaluate the outcomes |
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Bounded Rationality Model
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Reflextion of the human condition
1 - Cognative dissonance denying any discrepencies between your beliefs & new information 2 - Policy agenda's - own self interests & objectives Satisfice - to search for acceptable choice based on minimum set requirements rather than the optimal choice (settling) |
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Instrumental Rationality Model
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An individual has preferences & when they are faced with 2 or more choices, they will pick the one that best meets their objectives.
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Expected utility Theory
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Expect individuals to be rational & is expected to know the utility of a preference & multiply it by the probability that, the preference can actually happen.
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Bureacratic Politics of decision-making
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1 - provide information/multiple view points & alternatives.
2 - help to carry out policy A-Organizational Process - looks at past precedents; actions are best understood by comparission B-Governmental Process - political aspects --> compromising |
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Presidential Doctrines
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--Truman (Greece)- Support free people who are resisting armed minorities or outside pressure.
--Eisenhower (Suez Crisis)- Middle East is vital to US national security --Johnson (Cuba)- Don't allow communist government in the Western Hemisphere. --Nixon (Vietnam)- US allies should bear a greater share of the burden for their own defense. --Carter (Iran)-Protect its interests in the Persian Gulf. --Reagan (Afghanistan&Nigeragu)- support for anticommunist insurgents who try to overthrow Soviet support gov'ts --Clinton (Democratic Peace Thesis)- Seek the enlargement of peaceful liberal community of democratic states --Bush (Sept. 11)-States that harbor terrorists are just as guility and use its power to penalize the guilty. |
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Three stimuli for IO's
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1 - Universal concern for the condition of humanity
2 - Big Power peace keeping concerns 3 - Functional cooperation. |
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Three stimuli for IO's
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1 - Universal concern for the condition of humanity
2 - Big Power peace keeping concerns 3 - Functional cooperation. |
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Why the rapid growth for IO's
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-Increased interdependence
-Technology -Increased recognition transnational problems -Increased recognition that states alone can not handle these problems -Increased number of transnational political movements - the learning cuve - we have problems we need to adress them |
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Types of functions of IO's
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1 - Interactive arena
2 - Functional cooperation - spill-over effect --> they come for one issue & see that you are efficient & effective; then they hope to help other areas 3 - Comprehensive cooperation - then there is a push for political cooperation 4 - Act as an independant actor in the international system. |
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Non-state actors: definition & defining characteristics.
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Transnational that join together to work on a common goal
Not states; but volunteers from states. Nationalism Religious Movements Terrorist Groups Multi-National Coporations |
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5 types of international activites pursued by militant religious and nationalist movements:
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1 - irredentism-the efforts by a group to regain control of terrority by force so that existing state boundaries will no longer sepereate the group.
2 - secession-where y ou leave the country to form their own 3 - migration-migrate to their homeland 4 - they can form diaspora's-seperate group but living in another society 5 - International terrorism |
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Terrorism & terrorist groups - definition & categroies of
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Terrorist Groups - groups that seek to further their political objectives through the use of violence
Terrorism - systemic use of violence for political ends intended to change attitude's & behavior Categories 1 - National Groups-that aspire to state-hood; Basques in Spain 2 - Domestic opposition groups-want a radical change of governement in their state 3 - Offical/unoffical extension of the state-the state is usuing terrorist groups against people of the state who are critics 4 - state sponsored terroism - Saudi Arabi sponsorship of Al-Quaida |
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What is a theory & its 3 functions?
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Theory is an attempt to make the world or some part of it more intelligable or understandable
Its a set of hypothesis that postulates the relationship between variables, often assumes or seeks to find a causal relationship between variables 3 functions : Describe, explain and Predict. |
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Assumptions and policy prescriptions:
Idealism |
Assumptions:
1 - Human nature is good. 2 - war & conflict are teh result of flawed institutions & need to be replaced w/human institutions that meets humans needs 3 - war is an international problem that requires collective action Policy Prescriptions: 1 - create institutions based on collective security:1 nation rises up all others put down 2 - Empasis legal processes for conflict managment 3 - States shoudl follow efforts to control arms 4 - Policy should be formulated on ethical standards of behavior as well support should be present for the pursuit of democracy |
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Assumptions and policy prescriptions:
Realism |
Assumptions
1 - Human nature is bad 2 - States are the most important actors both rational & unitary all states have the same interest of gaining power 3 - conflicting interests between states leads to war regardless of international law 4 - power is critical to state survival & determining the outcome of a conflict Prescriptions: 1 - if a state has an international agreement; it will only obey them when it suits their interests. 2 - states should never entrust security in an international organization 3 - build military capabilities 4 - beware of alliances |
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Methodology:
Traditionalism v. Behavioralism |
How we can study international politics.
1 - Traditionalist - focus on description & classification of events case study analysis --> only 1 at a time generalizations will make you have many qualifications 1 - Behavioralist - application of scientific method & rigorus theorizing have a statement of a relationship between variables create dependent & independent variables stipulate conditions under which the relationship is expected to hold |