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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hegemon |
Leading or paramount power |
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middle power |
has moderate influence in international recognition |
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developing country |
underdeveloped industrial base |
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Differences from international politics and domestic politics |
Anarchy Development and enforcement of law The use of force Sense of community and shared identity |
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Individual Level of Analysis |
Tolerance for risk Predictable or erratic More or less trusting Generation Personal experiences |
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State level of analysis |
Economic system (capitalism, liberal theories, Marxism) Regime type (democracies v. autocracies, common cultural background) |
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Systemic level of analysis |
A set of interrelated units with states as the primary actors Powerful actors as "poles" in the system The distribution of power (multipolar, bipolar, unipolar systems)` |
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Realism |
The belief that international affairs is a struggle for power among self-interested states Pessimistic about human nature A ruthless realistic way about power yields more peaceful world If a state is vastly more powerful than another, it will expand its sphere of domination (security,wealth) Weaker states will ally to protect themselves from stronger ones |
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Liberalism |
Foresee a slow but unpreventable journey away from the anarchic world through trade and finance ties between nations, and democratic norms spread
Democracies will not attack other democracies Democratic process makes it easier to sustain international cooperation US believes liberalism is self evident |
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State Primacy |
They have the capacity to affect flow of people, goods, and money across territory Significant armies Power to tax No authority above states legislatures (may delegate powers) |
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Constructivism |
Social reality is created through debate about values, often echoes the themes that human rights and international justice activists sound |
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Realist assumptions |
International system is characterized by anarchy Great powers inherently posses offensive capability States can never be certain of another intentions Survival is the primary goal Great powers are rational actors |
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Security dilemma |
One state's quest for security causes insecurity in another state In turn the state will establish buffer zones, build up military, and make alliances This will make the state seem threatening even if they are doing it for defense purposes Creates tension when no side desires it |
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Prisoner's dilemma |
Shows why two purely "rational" individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests
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Factors that determine the severity of the security dilemma |
Costs of enduring defection Distinguishability of offensive and defensive weapons |
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Polarity |
Various ways in which power is distributed within the international system |
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Cooperation |
The mutual adjustment of policies, mutually agreed upon Cooperation is intentional but not coercive |
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Liberal institutional theory |
Accepts all of the assumptions of realism, with one major exception, uncertainty is not constant in the international system and institutions can reduce uncertainty and facilitate cooperation |
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Why is cooperation under anarchy difficult? |
Self-interested states uncertainty of the prisoner's dilemma situation |
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Cooperation under anarchy |
If the challenge to international cooperation is the absence of rules (anarchy) and information (uncertainty)... it follows that we create arrangements that provide rules and reduce uncertainty, we should get more cooperation |
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International institutions (or regimes) |
Agreed upon rules that govern interactions between states Can be legal rules or full-blown international organizations |
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How do institutions facilitate cooperation |
Reducing uncertainty through information provision Institutions set clear standards against which behavior can be measured Secretariats can provide an unbiased source of information regarding the behavior of other states Repeated interaction |
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Institutions as solutions to the PD |
Improving information provision -disease outbreak monitoring -ceasefire compliance Ensuring iteration through membership in formal institution helps to facilitate cooperation and improve the credibility of commitments |
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bilateral |
An agreed upon solution between two sides |
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Liberal |
Equal opportunity to achieve and equal opportunity for all |
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Liberal pacifism |
Causes of imperialism A combination of capitalism and democratic political institutions tame the war like impulses of mankind |
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Export monopolism |
use imperialism as a way to forcibly expand markets for the export of goods |
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Capitalism |
People are engaged in production Free trade gets ride of the need for imperialism because barriers to trade are removed |
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Liberal imperialism |
Liberty encourages war Liberal states are prone to imperial expansion |
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How does liberty encourage expansion |
Property is safe from seizure of sate, they value private property and will want more Citizens are attached to prestige and honor of the sate and becoming more willing to fight for it |
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Liberal internationalism |
Zone of peace - they don't seem to go to war with each other also known as "a separate peace Liberal states do start aggressive wars with non-liberal states |
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What explains the separate peace? |
Institutions of representatives democracy Shared values and shared norms of behavior Economic interdependence |
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Challenges for Democratic peace theory |
Defining democracy is not a straightforward task
The question of young democracies (populism, nationalism absent well-established institutions may increase aggressiveness) Alternate explanations for the democratic peace (cold war and American hegemony) |
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A constructivist approach to IR |
Ideas matter Social facts do not exist objectively out in the world to be discovered, they are endowed with meaning by human subjects (money, cold war) Identities matter (the same material facts can have different social interpretations depending on the identity of the actor) |
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Identities arise out of interaction |
This can produce "stable concepts of self and other" Over time we develop a conception of the "other" and behave accordingly |
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Is there a potential to transform "power politics" |
Change is very difficult (identities become embedded over time) (Relations based based on particular identities tend to be institutionalized and further reinforced) Change is incremental and slow, but possible (actors can engage in self-reflection to transform their identities, or identities can be changed through interaction) |
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International norms |
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Three norms that have changed |
Who is human
How we intervene Military goals and definition of success |
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How did the changing of norms occur |
Abolition of slavery and the slave trade
Decolonization and self-determination H |
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Humanitarian intervention after 1945 |
Most has occurred on behalf of non-Christians and non-whites Ideas about the legitimate use of force have shifted, now must be multilateral to be considered legitimate |
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Ideas take away |
Most of our "social ideas" in international politics can be transformed
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How individuals vary |
Tolerance risk Predictable or erratic More or less trusting Personal experience Generational, historical experience Status quo versus grandiose visions of foreign policy |
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Two sets of arguments |
Political psychology Casual beliefs |
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2 different causal beliefs |
Internationally focused leaders Externally focused leaders |
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Internationally focused leaders |
Smaller power's foreign and security polices, including its alliances, are intimately connected to its internal institutions Prioritize favorable domestic outcomes within target states |
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Externally focused leaders |
Diagnose threats from other states' foreign and security policies and do not see a casual connection between these outcomes and the domestic institutions of smaller powers Place relatively more weight on international aspects of crisis outcomes |
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Misperception |
Decision-makers rely on preexisting theories and images Misunderstanding between senders and perceivers |
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Transformative intervention type |
Internally focused |
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Nontransformative intervention type |
Externally focused |
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Who joined the international court |
Palestine |
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With what country did the US have a preliminary nuclear deal |
Iran |
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Where and who did Obama meet with |
Castro in Panama |
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Which two European Countries are growing closer |
Greece & Russia |
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Where were there American drone strikes |
Yemen |
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Air defense missiles |
Russia lifted a ban on Iran |
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Who had a bombing mission in Yemen |
Saudi Arabia |
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Off what coast did immigrants die |
Libya |
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TPP trade deal |
Between Japan and US to deal with China |
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Who is the Gaza war between |
Israeli and Palestine |
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What country did Russia intervene in |
Ukraine |
