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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
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State
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A political association that enjoys sovereign jurisdiction within defined territorial borders.
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State centrism
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An approach to political analysis that takes the state to be the key actor in the domestic realm and on the world stage
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State system
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A pattern of relationships between and amongst states that establishes a measure of order and predictability
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Mixed actor model
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The theory that, while not ignoring the role of states and national governments, international politics is shaped by a much broader range of interests and groups.
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Security
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To be safe from harm, absence of threat, security may be understood in 'national', 'international' 'global' or 'human interest'
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Diplomacy
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A process of negotiation and communication between states that seeks to resolve conflict without resource to war.
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Globalization
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The emergence of a complex web of interconnectedness that means that our lives are increasingly shaped by events that occur, and decisions that are made, at a great distance from us.
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Transnationalism
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Political, social, economic or other forms that transcend or cut across national borders.
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Anarchy
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Literally, without rule, the absence of a central government or higher authority, sometimes, but not necessarily, associated with instability and chaos.
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Selfhelp
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A reliance on internal or inner resources, often seen as the principal reason states prioritize survival and security
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Balance of power
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A condition in which no one state predominates over others, tending to create general equilibrium and curb the hegemonic ambitions of all states.
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Collective dilemma
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A problem that stems from the interdependence of states, meaning that any solution must involve international cooperation rather than action by a single state.
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Globality
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A totally interconnected whole
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Globalism
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An ideological project committed to the spread of globalization, usually reflecting support for the values and theories of free market capitalism.
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Hyperglobalization
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The view that new, globalized economic and cultural patterns became inevitable once technology became widely available.
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Positivism
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The theory that social and indeed all forms of enquiry should conform to the methods of the natural science.
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Power politics
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An approach to politics based on the assumption that the pursuit of power is the principal human goal, the term is sometimes used descriptively.
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Internationalism
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The theory or practice of politics based on cooperation or harmony among nations, as opposed to the transcendence of national politics.
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Hegemon
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The leading or paramount power.
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International security
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Conditions in which the mutual survival and safety of states in secured through measures taken to prevent or punish aggression, usually within a rule governed international order.
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Security Regime
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A framework of cooperation amongst states and other actors to ensure the peaceful resolution of conflict.
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Classical realism
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A form of realism that explains power politics largely in terms of human selfishness or egoism.
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Neorealism
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A perspective on international politics that modifies the power politics model by highlighting the structural constraints of the international system, sometimes called 'new' or 'structural' realism.
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Republican Liberalism
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A form of liberalism that highlights the benefits of republican (rather than monarchical) government and, in particular, emphasizes the link between democracy and peace.
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Liberal institutionalism
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n approach to study that emphasizes the role of institutions (both formal and informal) in the realization of liberal principles and goals.
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Egoism
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Concern for one's own interest or well being, or selfishness, the belief that one's own interests are morally superior to those of others.
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State of nature
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A society devoid of political authority and of formal (legal) checks on the individual.
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Statecraft
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The art of conducting public affairs, or the skills associated with it, statesmanship
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National Interest
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Foreign policy goals, objectives or policy preferences that supposedly benefit a society as a whole.
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Systems theory
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An approach to study that focuses on works of 'systems', explaining their operation and development in terms of reciprocal interactions amongst component parts.
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Self help
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A state's reliance on its own capacities and resources, rather than external support, to ensure security and survival.
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Security dilemma
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The dilemma that arises from the fact that a build up of military capacity for defensive reasons by one state is always liable to be interpreted as aggressive by other states.
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Relative gains
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The position of states in relation to one another, reflected in the distribution of benefits and capabilities between and amongst them.
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Polarity
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The existence within a system of one or more significant actors which affect the behavior of other actors and shape the contour of the system itself, determining its structural dynamics.
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Offensive Realism
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A form of structural realism that portrays states as 'power maximizers', as there is no limit to their desire to control the international environment.
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Defensive Realism
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A form of structural realism that views states as 'security maximizers', placing the desire to avoid attack above a bid for world power.
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Neoliberal institutionalism
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A school of thought within liberalism that emphasizes the scope for cooperative behavior within the international system while not denying its anarchic character.
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Democratization
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The transition from authoritarianism to liberal democracy.
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Commercial liberalism
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Emphasizes the economic and international benefits for free trade, leading to mutual benefit and general prosperity as well as peace amongst states.
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Free trade
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a system of trade between states not restricted by tariffs or other forms of protectionism.
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High politics
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Issue areas that are of primary importance, usually taken to refer to defence and foreign policy generally, and particularly to matters of state self preservation.
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Low politics
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Issue areas that are seen not to involve a state's vital national interests, whether in the foreign or the domestic sphere.
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Democratic peace thesis
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The notion that there is an intrinsic link between peace and democracy, in particular that democratic states do no go to war with atne another.
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Rule of law
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The principle that law should 'rule', in the sense that it establishes a framework within which all conduct and behavior takes place.
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Absolute gains
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Benefits that accrue to states from a policy or action regardless of their impact on other states.
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post positivism
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An approach to knowledge that questions the idea of an 'objective' reality, emphasizing instead of the extent to which people conceive, or 'construct', the world in which they live.
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Neo marxism
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An updated and revived form of Marxism that rejects determinism, the primacy of economics and the privileged status of the proletariat.
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Uneven development
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The tendency within a capitalist economy for industries, economic sectors and countries to develop at very different rates due to the pressures generated by economic exploration.
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Dependency theory
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A neo Marxist theory that highlights structural imbalances within international capitalism that impose dependency and underdevelopment on poorer states and regions.
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Hegemony
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The ascendancy or domination of the one element of a system over others, for Marxists, hegemony implies ideological domination.
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Theoretical reflexivity
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An awareness of the impact of the values and presuppositions that a theorist brings to analysis, as well as an understanding of the historical dynamics that have helped to fashion them.
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Disclosure
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Human interaction, especially communication, disclosure may disclose or illustrate power relations.
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Deconstruction
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A close reading of philosophical or other texts with an eye to their various blindspots and/or contradictions.
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Gender
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A social and cultural distinction between males and females, usually based on stereotypes of 'masculinity' and 'femininity'.
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Radical feminism
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A form of feminism that holds gender divisions to be the most politically significant of social cleavages, and believes that these are rooted in the structures of family or domestic life.
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Liberal feminism
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is grounded in the belief that sexual differences are irrelevant to personal worth and calls for equal rights for women and men in the public realm.
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Androgyny
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The possession of both male and female characteristics, used to imply that human beings are sexless persons in the sense that sex is irrelevant to their social role or political status.
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Difference feminism
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holds that there are ineradicable differences between men and women, whether these are rooted by biology, culture or material experience.
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Essentialism
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The belief that biological factors are crucial in determining psychological and behavioral traits.
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Gender mainstreaming
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attempt to mainstream gender into decision making processes by requiring that, before decisions are made, an analysis is carried out of their likely effects on women and men, respectively.
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Masculinism
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Gender bias that derives from the portrayal of men or masculine views either superior or as objective and rational.
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Matriarchy
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Literally, rule by mother, a society that is governed by women.
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War rape
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Rape committed by soldiers, other combatants or civilians during armed conflict of war.
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Gendered
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bias in favor of one gender.
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Normative theory
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theory that prescribes values and standards of conduct, what 'ought to be' rather than what 'is'.
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Rational choice theory
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An approach to analysis in which models ae constructed based on procedural rules, usually about the rationally self interested behavior of the individuals concerned.
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Rationalism
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the belief that the world can be understood and explained through exercise of human reason
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meta theory
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theory that reflects on the philosophical assumptions that underlie theories, dealing in particular with issues of ontology, epistemology, and methodology.
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Ontology
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study of what the world consists of. and what its relevant features might be.
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Epistemology
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(From the Greek epitome, meaning 'knowledge') study of how we can come to have relevant insights about the world.
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Methodology
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a mode of analysis or research, including he methods used to unearth data or evidence.
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Paradigm shift
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the process through which the dominant paradigm within a field of knowledge is displaced by a rival paradigm (paradigm is a model)
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Empiricism
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belief that experience is the only basis for knowledge and that all hypothesis and theories should be tested by observation.
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Objectivism
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Judgements that pertain to objects, in which case truth can be independently distinguished from falsehood.
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Subjectivism
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Judgements that pertain to subjects (persons), which are neither true or false but relate to feelings, taste or morality.
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