International Pol Exam 2 Week 8

Front 1

Types of Resources

Back 1

-Renewable: wind, water, all manner of vegetation.
-Recyclable: metals and most other natural resources.
-Non-Renewable: fossil fuels.

Front 2

Solutions

Back 2

-Innovation: popular; expensive; time-consuming. Not applicable???
-Conservation: not popular; implies sacrifice;

Front 3

Pre-Industrial

Back 3

-Land: muscle
-Sea: wind, muscle
-Air: muscle or wind
-Energy/Heat: wood, coal (gradually); muscle wind water.
-Problems: time-consuming; low energy production; low level of economic development.

Front 4

Industrial

Back 4

-Land: oil, electricity.
-Sea: oil
-Air: oil
-Energy/Heat: coal; nuclear; gas; oil; hydro
-Problems: will run out; carbon emissions; political risks

Front 5

The Future

Back 5

-Land: maybe electric, biofuels, solar.
-Sea: electric—no, Maybe biofuels. Nuclear, sail, solar.
-Air: biofuels, not electric.
-Energy/Heat: nuclear, etc. Wind, solar. Hydro.
-Problems: complexity, cost.

Front 6

The Bottom Line

Back 6

-Current Energy Economy: cheap and fungible energy sources (globalization rulz).
-Future Energy Economy: non-fungible energy sources; possibly more expensive.
-Danger: sustainablity of economic growth over time; breakdown of globalization???.

Front 7

Nuclear

Back 7

-Energy Potential: yes
-Technological Maturity: yes
-Fuel Supply: several centuries.
-Fuel Supply Reliability: yes
-Greenhouse Gases?: no
-Produces Liquid Fuel?: no
-Environmental Issues: safety and waste. High political risk.
-Cost: start-up and operation

Front 8

Wind and Solar

Back 8

-Energy Potential: huge
-Fuel Supply: inexhaustible.
-Technological Maturity: not
-Fuel Supply Reliability: geographic and seasonal variations. Implies a global energy grid.
-Greenhouse Gases?: no
-Produces Liquid Fuel?: no
-Environmental Issues: kills birds; noise pollution; very land-intensive. Relies on batteries.
-Cost: yes

Front 9

Hydro

Back 9

-Energy Potential: no
-Fuel Supply: dammable river.
-Technological Maturity: already dammed.
-Fuel Supply Reliability: yes
-Greenhouse Gases?: no
-Produces Liquid Fuel?: no
-Environmental Issues: displacement of population; kills fish.
-Cost: high fixed.

Front 10

Geothermal

Back 10

-Energy Potential: huge
-Fuel Supply: inexhaustible.
-Fuel Supply Reliability: yes, but access problems.
-Greenhouse Gases?: no
-Produces Liquid Fuel?: no
-Technological Maturity: access problems.
-Environmental Issues: none?
-Cost: very high.

Front 11

Bio-Fuels

Back 11

-Energy Potential: very high
-Fuel Supply: land, or other source of biomass.
-Technological Maturity: low
-Fuel Supply Reliability: very weather-sensitive.
-Greenhouse Gases?: carbon-neutral.
-Produces Liquid Fuel?:yes
-Environmental Issues: forest cut-downs—no longer carbon-neutral…; choice of fuel vs. food; much greater use of energy.
-Cost: still high

Front 12

Encouraging Innovation

Back 12

-Market pressures: yes but: possibly too late.
-Government incentives: bad choices.

Front 13

Benefits of High Gas Prices

Back 13

-Gov’t revenue
-Less use

Front 14

US Oil Habit

Back 14

Reasons: pop density; hegemony; oil production.

Front 15

What affects Earth’s Temperature

Back 15

Warming: earth absorbs more; sun is warmer.
Cooling:

Front 16

Reducing CO2 Emissions

Back 16

-Market Solutions: no property rights!
-Government Solutions: incentives.

Front 17

Advantages of Industrial Farming

Back 17

Mass production
Great yields
Less labor

Front 18

Food Production Concerns

Back 18

Industrial: monoculture; health problems; pesticide resistance; degradation
“Organic”

Front 19

Expanding Food Production

Back 19

-Genetic engineering
-Deforestation

Front 20

Reducing Population Growth

Back 20

-State policy
-Econ development

Front 21

Why is Population Control Controversial?

Back 21

-Religious resistance
-Freedom
-Economic asset
-Growing tax base and labor force