International Phonetic Alphabet (I.p.a.) Pulmonic Consonants

Front 1

p

Back 1

voiceless bilabial plosive

Front 2

b

Back 2

voiced bilabial plosive

Front 3

m

Back 3

voiced bilabial nasal

Front 4

ʙ

Back 4

voiced bilabial trill

Front 5

ɸ

Back 5

voiceless bilabial fricative

Front 6

β

Back 6

voiced bilabial fricative

Front 7

ɱ

Back 7

voiced labiodental nasal

Front 8

ⱱ

Back 8

voiced labiodental flap

Front 9

f

Back 9

voiceless labiodental fricative

Front 10

v

Back 10

voiced labiodental fricative

Front 11

ʋ

Back 11

voiced labiodental approximant

Front 12

t

Back 12

voiceless alveolar plosive

Front 13

d

Back 13

voiced alveolar plosive

Front 14

n

Back 14

voiced alveolar nasal

Front 15

r

Back 15

voiced alveolar trill

Front 16

ɾ

Back 16

voiced alveolar tap

Front 17

θ

Back 17

voiceless dental fricative

Front 18

ð

Back 18

voiced dental fricative

Front 19

s

Back 19

voiceless alveolar fricative

Front 20

z

Back 20

voiced alveolar fricative

Front 21

ʃ

Back 21

voiceless postalveolar fricative

Front 22

ʒ

Back 22

voiced postalveolar fricative

Front 23

ɬ

Back 23

voiceless alveolar lateral fricative

Front 24

ɮ

Back 24

voiced lateral alveolar fricative

Front 25

ɹ

Back 25

voiced alveolar approximant

Front 26

l

Back 26

voiced alveolar lateral approximant

Front 27

ʈ

Back 27

voiceless retroflex plosive

Front 28

ɖ

Back 28

voiced retroflex plosive

Front 29

ɳ

Back 29

voiced retroflex nasal

Front 30

ɽ

Back 30

voiced retroflex tap/flap

Front 31

ʂ

Back 31

voiceless retroflex fricative

Front 32

ʐ

Back 32

voiced retroflex fricative

Front 33

ɻ

Back 33

voiced retroflex approximant

Front 34

ɭ

Back 34

voiced retroflex lateral approximant

Front 35

c

Back 35

voiceless palatal plosive

Front 36

ɟ

Back 36

voiced palatal plosive

Front 37

ɲ

Back 37

voiced palatal nasal

Front 38

ç

Back 38

voiceless palatal fricative

Front 39

ʝ

Back 39

voiced palatal fricative

Front 40

j

Back 40

voiced palatal approximant

Front 41

ʎ

Back 41

voiced palatal lateral approximant

Front 42

k

Back 42

voiceless velar plosive

Front 43

g

Back 43

voiced velar plosive

Front 44

ŋ

Back 44

voiced velar nasal

Front 45

x

Back 45

voiceless velar fricative

Front 46

ɣ

Back 46

voiced velar fricative

Front 47

ɰ

Back 47

voiced velar approximant

Front 48

ʟ

Back 48

voiced velar lateral approximant

Front 49

q

Back 49

voiceless uvular plosive

Front 50

ɢ

Back 50

voiced uvular plosive

Front 51

ɴ

Back 51

voiced uvular nasal

Front 52

ʀ

Back 52

voiced uvular trill

Front 53

χ

Back 53

voiceless uvular fricative

Front 54

ʁ

Back 54

voiced uvular fricative

Front 55

ħ

Back 55

voiceless pharyngeal fricative

Front 56

ʕ

Back 56

voiced pharyngeal fricative

Front 57

ʔ

Back 57

voiceless glottal plosive

Front 58

h

Back 58

voiceless glottal fricative

Front 59

ɦ

Back 59

voiced glottal fricative