Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Internal Injuries
|
0
|
|
|
3 major organ systems injured in athletics
|
Ruptured Spleen
Bruised Kidneys Testicular Trauma |
|
|
Tips
|
it often takes hours for a serious internal
injury to appear. Athletes must be monitored to ensure problem does not worsen know the signs and symptoms |
|
|
Do not give food or water
|
with abdominal injuries, food and other fluids con
leak out into the abdominal cavity ◦ surgery ◦ increases risk of infection ◦ do not allow them to leave without proper supervision ◦ inform of s/s before they leave |
|
|
Spleen
|
Found in the upper
left quadrant of the abdomen, just lateral to the stomach lymphatic tissue that functions in phagocytosis production of lymphocytes and blood storage |
|
|
Ruptured Spleen
|
This is a life threatening contusion injury to
the spleen (RBC reservoir) Any direct blow to the left side f the body, especially underneath the stomach and lower ribs. The blow injures the spleen and causes severe internal bleeding |
|
|
Ruptured Spleen Signs and Symptoms
|
early stage
pain in the upper abdominal area with bruising ◦ advanced stage pain progresses into the left shoulder and neck feels faint, pale skin, rapid pulse, vomiting dizziness, rigid abdominal muscles, low blood pressure, shortness of breath |
|
|
Ruptured Spleen Treatment
|
send for EMT if s/s progress to advanced stages
◦ monitor ABCs ◦ treat for shock ◦ treat for other injuries (rib fractures) ◦ if s/s do not progress to advanced stages, but pain and tenderness persist for over 15 min, refer to a physician |
|
|
Ruptured Spleen Treatment
|
Mononucleosis (MONO)
this causes an enlarged spleen |
|
|
Kidneys
|
Responsible for
filtering toxins, wastes, water, and mineral salts out of the bloodstream regulate the acidity of the blood |
|
|
Kidneys
|
Found on the left and right lower abdominal
cavity (posterior) most commonly bruised in contact sports: ◦ football ◦ soccer ◦ basketball ◦ baseball (non-contact) |
|
|
Bruised Kidney
|
Any contusion to the area of the kidneys
can be a direct blow to either side of the person or midback Early stages S/S: ◦ pain ◦ bruising ◦ tenderness |
|
|
Bruised Kindyes Advanced (life-threatening) stage
|
◦ pain moves to the low back, outer thighs, and/or
front pelvic area ◦ feels faint, dizziness, abdominal swelling ◦ increased heart rate, burning urination, cloudy or bloody urine, vomiting ◦ rigid back muscles, skin cool to touch ◦ pale skin |
|
|
Bruised Kidney Treatment
|
send for EMT if s/s progress to advanced steps
◦ monitor ABCs ◦ Treat for shock ◦ treat other injuries as needed ◦ if s/s do not progress but pain persist for more than 15 minutes refer to a physician |
|
|
Testicular Trauma
|
Contusion or trauma to the testicles
In severe injuries, the testicles can rupture or the testicular cord can be twisted this cuts of blood supply to the testis causes sterility |
|
|
Testicular Trauma Cause
|
Caused by any direct blow to the groin area
s/s: pain and nausea have the athlete perform self exam: ◦ swelling, discoloration, deformity ◦ spasm In advanced stages, the testicles may draw upward in the body, bloody or cloudy urine, vomiting |
|
|
Testicular Trauma Treatment
|
assist to a comfortable position
◦ slow deep breaths ◦ apply ice to area if necessary ◦ refer the athlete if the pain does not stop after 20 minutes or if any advanced s/s occur. |
|
|
Sudden Illness
|
Diabetes
seizures drug reactions and overdose adverse supplement reactions fainting influenza gastroenteritis |
|
|
Diabetes
|
Diabetes is a condition that affects the
body’s ability to produce and regulate insulin insulin is produced in the pancreas and controls the uptake of glucose glucose is the primary energy source for tissues, especially the brain and kidneys |
|
|
Diabetes Insulin Levels
|
Improper insulin levels can cause high levels
of glucose (hyperglycemia) or low levels of glucose (hypoglycemia) 2 types of diabetes: ◦ Type I: body does not produce insulin (childhood) ◦ Type II: prevents the body from properly using insulin. More common, usually adult onset. |
|
|
Diabetes Insulin reactions
|
condition in which an athlete’s glucose (sugar)
levels drop below normal (hypoglycemia) caused by high insulin levels Mild s/s: hunger, irritability, weakness Moderate: dilated pupils, trembling, sweating, strong rapid pulse Severe: confusion, convulsions, unconsciousness |
|
|
Insulin Reactions treatment
|
remove athlete from all activity
give the athlete sugar, candy, soda or fruit juice Send for EMT if athlete does not recover within a few minutes monitor ABCs if unconscious place on side to allow vomit or fluids to drain from the mouth |
|
|
Ketoacidosis
|
condition caused by a severe or prolonged insulin
deficiency that can result in a high blood glucose (sugar) level (hyperglycemia). ◦ Body will try to eliminate excess urine through sugar ◦ causes dehydration and electrolyte imbalance |
|
|
Ketoacidosis Common causes
|
◦ Common causes:
stress medications too much food not enough exercise ◦ Early S/S: excessive thirst, dry mouth, nausea, sweet-fruity smelling breath, frequent urination |
|
|
Ketoacidosis Advanced stages
|
◦ Advanced Stages:
headaches, abdominal pain dry, red, warm skin heavy breathing vomiting |
|
|
Ketoacidosis Treatment
|
remove athlete from all activity
recommend checking blood sugar and take insulin if appropriate. Send for EMT if athlete does not recover within a few minutes monitor ABCs if unconscious place on side to allow vomit or fluids to drain from the mouth Episodes of abno |
|
|
Seizures
|
Episodes of abnormal electrical activity within
the brain. ◦ Can lead to sudden changes in alertness, behavior and muscle control. 2 types: petit mal seizures (minor) grand mal seizures (major) type is determined by s/s |
|
|
Seizures signs and symptoms
|
Epilepsy
Head injuries Brain infection or tumor Drug abuse Respiratory arrest High Fever Heatstroke Hypoglycemia Drug Reactions Medication Discontinuation |
|
|
Minor/ Petit Mal Seizures
|
Dazed or inattentive manner
◦ Confusion ◦ Loss of Coordination ◦ Possibly loss of Speech ◦ Repetitive blinking or other small movements ◦ Typically these are brief, lasting only a few seconds, but some may have multiple bouts in a day. |
|
|
Minor/ Petit Mal Seizures Treatment
|
monitor for progression into grand mal seizure
◦ rest from activity ◦ inform athletes parents of guardian ◦ refer if persist |
|
|
Grand Mal Seizure Sequence
|
eyes are generally open
◦ body appears stiff and rigid ◦ Muscles contract violently in spasms or convulsions that usually stop in one or two minutes ◦ may temporarily stop breathing |
|
|
Continued
|
may appear not to breath and then progress to deep
breathing after the seizure ◦ bluish skin or lips ◦ Unconsciousness, f/b gradual return to consciousness. ◦ Uncontrolled urination ◦ temporary confusion after the seizure |
|
|
Grand Mal Seizure Treatment
|
clear all objects away from the athlete
◦ do not restrain ◦ do not try to place anything in the athletes mouth or try to pry the teeth open ◦ After the convulsions stop, check ABCs ◦ Check for other possible injuries ◦ check for head and neck injuries |
|
|
Continued
|
treat for shock if necessary
◦ encourage the athlete to rest ◦ Call for EMT if: suffering from other injury/illness experiencing seizure for the first time seizure >5 minutes unconscious > 10-15 minutes has difficulty breathing or is not an epileptic |
|
|
Grand Mal seizure Do Nots
|
DO NOT:
1. Restrain the athlete 2. Try to place anything in the athletes mouth 3. Try to pry the teeth apart |
|
|
Substance Abuse
|
3 major drug categories
◦ 1. Depressants ◦ 2. Stimulants ◦ 3. Combination major cause of sudden illness |
|
|
Depressant Overdose
|
Dangerous and possibly life threatening
reaction from using a depressant or taking an excessive amount of a depressant ◦ these include alcohol, narcotics (morphine, heroin, codeine), GHB, rohypnol, ketamines. ◦ Depress the CNS ◦ use for relaxed, calm feeling |
|
|
Depressant overdose Signs and symptoms
|
Relaxed feelings
fatigue depression pale, cold, clammy skin constricted pupils that do not respond to light rapid and weak pulse possible unconsciousness Shallow breathing Coma (GHB) Seizures (GHB) Anterograde Amnesia hallucinations delirium Impaired motor function over-emotional |
|
|
Depressant overdose Treatment
|
rest from activity
◦ send for EMT if necessary ◦ Monitor ABCs ◦ Treat for shock ◦ education ◦ send to physician, parents |
|
|
Stimulant Overdose or reaction
|
Dangerous and possibly life threatening
reaction from using a stimulant or taking excessive amounts of the stimulant ◦ these include cocaine, crack, and amphetamines ◦ stimulate the nervous system ◦ makes athletes “feel” quicker and more alert |
|
|
Stimulants Overdose Signs and Symptoms
|
Lack of fatigue
irritability feeling of hyperstimulation sense of mental clarity restlessness anxiety dilated pupils Increased body temp rapid pulse hallucinations paranoia cardiac arrest confusion mood changes similar reactions with supplements |
|
|
Stimulant Overdose Treatment
|
rest from activity
◦ send for EMT if necessary ◦ Monitor ABCs ◦ Treat for shock ◦ education ◦ send to physician, parents |
|
|
Combination Drug Overdose
|
Ecstasy (MDMA)
aka. Adam, XTC, hug, beans, and love drug includes both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties most popular type of drug on college campus can be the most dangerous |
|
|
Combination Overdose signs and symptoms
|
Depression
anxiety nausea feeling faint blurred vision muscle tension involuntary teeth clenching Insomnia paranoia chills sweating increased heart rate confusion |
|
|
Combination Overdose Treatment
|
rest from activity
◦ send for EMT if necessary ◦ Monitor ABCs ◦ Treat for shock ◦ education ◦ send to physician, parents |
|
|
Fainting
|
A temporary loss of consciousness not
caused by a head injury. Can be classified as a mild form of shock S/S: ◦ nausea, weakness, headache, fatigue ◦ dizziness, pale, cool clammy skin ◦ shallow, rapid breathing with a possible loss of consciousness |
|
|
Fainting Treatment
|
◦ if athlete is conscious
sit down with head between knees or lie down with the feet elevated monitor and treat for shock ◦ if athlete is unconsciousness monitor ABCs and send for EMT if athlete does not recover within a few minutes place athlete on side |
|
|
Gastroenteritis
|
Sudden infection or toxin exposure affecting
the stomach and intestines. Aka. Stomach flu or food poisoning caused by direct contact with bacteria and viruses. Can be spread through inhalation, personal contact, consumption, and/or handling of contaminated pets |
|
|
Gastroenteritis Signs/Symptoms:
|
nausea - diarrhea
◦ headache - stomach cramps ◦ abdominal pain - vomiting ◦ muscle aches - low grade fever (99) ◦ weakness - dehydration ◦ chills |
|
|
Gastroenteritis Treatment
|
rest
◦ suggest athlete avoid solid foods ◦ only ice chips until vomiting stops, then clear fluids ◦ immediately send to physician, especially with: severe abdominal pain, forceful vomiting, fever, bloody stool, dehydration, possibility of food poisoning . |
|
|
Influenza
|
Infectious viral illness affecting the
respiratory system (nose, throat, and lungs) caused by inhalation or direct contact of a flu causing virus very common among athletic because of constant contact and close quarters |
|
|
Influenza signs and symptoms
|
muscle or joint achiness
◦ headache ◦ fatigue - sore throat ◦ fever - runny nose ◦ dry cough - watery eyes ◦ nasal congestion |
|
|
Influenza treatment
|
◦ Rest from all activity
◦ stay away from other athletes ◦ encourage to drink lots of fluids ◦ ??? Flu shot. Good or bad??? |
|
|
Flu Shots are good!!!
|
Flu Shots are good!!!
They DO NOT give you the flu ◦ The injection received with the flu shot is a dead virus ◦ People often get sick within 3 weeks of the flu shot because the shot depresses the immune system as it builds antibodies to the flu virus ◦ Especially if you wait until Flu season to get the shot ◦ Get the shot and get it early to protect yourself and othersm |
