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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mutations in procollagen II causes what condition?
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.Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
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What's vitamin B1 and what's the deficiency?
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.Thiamine
.Wet Beriberi (high-output cardiac failure) . Dry Beriberi (periperal neuropathy) . Wernicke's and Korsakoff's |
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What is the Lasegue sign?
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. A + straight leg-raising test seen in herniation of an intervetebral disk
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How do you make the distinction between isopropyl alcohol, methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion, respectively?
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. Methanol - visual disturbances
. isopropyl alcohol - ketosis without elevated anion-gap . ethylene glycol - renal failure with oxalate crystals in the urine |
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What are the signs of Wernicke's syndrome?
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. WACO:
- Wernicke is - Ataxia - Confusion - Ophthalmoplegia .Nystagmus as well .Acute and Reversible |
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When is smoking contraindicated for OCP?
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. anytime a pt is >35 years old.
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When approximating burn areas, what burns are accounted for?
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. only 2nd and 3rd degree ones.
. 1st degrees are not counted. |
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Increased amylase levels correlate to what conditions?
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. Perforated peptic ulcers
. ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm . intestinal obstruction . parotiditis |
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Which medication is contraindicated in treatment of cocaine-induced Chest Pain or Ischemia and why?
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. BBs
. Due to unopposed alpha-stimulation resulting in a potential HTN crisis |
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What's the MCC of death in middle-aged (35-74) woman?
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. Cancers
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What is the MCC of 2nd HTN in women?
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. Birth Control Pills - #1
. Renovascular HTN - #2 |
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What are the hemodynamic parameters of hypovolemic shock?
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. Decreased CO, PCWP, SVO2
. Increased SVR |
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What are the signs and symptoms of mercury poisoning?
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. None, passes thru the GI tract and is excreted thru the kidneys in a few days.
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What is Adriamycin associated with?
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. CHF
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What's a common complication seen in pts with an electrical burn injury?
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. Fractures
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What's a rare but life threatening complication of captopril use?
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. Angioedema - Swelling that can occur on lips, eye lids, hands, feet, and genitals.
. Cough is very common but not life threatening. |
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Mutations in Fibrillin cause what condition?
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. Marfan syndrome
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Pulmonary involvement + peripheral eosinophilia should make you think what?
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. Churg-Strauss disease
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What's Bitot's spots associated with?
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.Vitamin A deficiency
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What are Cherry-Red spots on the macula associated with?
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. Tay-Sachs (no hepatosplenomegaly)
. Niemann-Pick (hepatosplenomegaly) |
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How do you make the distinction between chemical, gonorrheal or chlamydial conjunctivitis?
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. Chemical - 1st 24 hours, no purulence, due to silver nitrate or erythromycin drops
. Gonorrheal - 2-5 days, extremely purulent, tx with erythromycin or IM ceftriaxone . Chlamydial - 5-14 days, mild to severe, tx with systemic erythromycin to prevent chlamydial pneumonia |
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What's vitiligo associated with?
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. Pernicious Anemia
. Hypothyroidism . Addison's disease . DM |
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In tinea capitis, what agent is responsible if the hair fluoresces under Wood's lamp?
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. Microsporum
. If it doesn't then it's trichophyton |
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How should alcoholics with hypoglycemia be treated?
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. Thiamine first
. Then glucose (Otherwise can precipitate Wernicke's encephalopathy) |
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What vitamin deficiency causes Wernicke's and Korsakoff's syndrome and where is the damage in the brain?
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. Thiamine deficiency
. Damage to the mamilary bodies and thalamic nuclei |
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What's the procedure for management of acetominophen overdose?
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. <4 hours - charcoal + n-acetylcystine
. > 10 hours - n-acetycystine |
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What cell type deficiency is caused by Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Ataxia-telangiectasia, and SCID?
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. T and B cell deficiency
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What is the MCC of death in general?
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. Cardiovascular disease
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What is APKD?
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. Adult onset polycystic kidney disease
. AD .HTN . renal cysts . hematuria . renal failure .>30 years old . 20 % have berry aneurysms (do MRA) |
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Bupropion is contraindicated to which pts?
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. Any pt with a past or current history of seizure disorder
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What tests are consistent with the diagnosis of excessive alcohol use?
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. increased GGT
. macrocytosis - increased MCV . folate deficiency |
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Mutation in FGF-receptor 3 causes what condition?
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. Achondroplasia
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What's scurvy?
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. Vitamin C deficiency
. Hemorrhages - skins petechia, bone, gums, loose teeth, gingivitis. . Poor wound healing . Hyperkeratotic hair follicles . bone pain . normocytic normochromic anemia |
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What are the signs of Korsakoff's syndrome?
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. Anterograde amnesia
. Confabulation (Chronic and irreversible) |
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What is the prefered agent in pts with HTN without additional comobirdities?
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. Thiazides
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What is the karyotype of a baby with neural tube defects?
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. Normal karyotype
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Mutations in procolagen I, specially type I collagen, leads to what condition?
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. Osteogenesis imperfecta
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What's the 1st step in tx HTN?
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. 3-4 months of weigh reduction, exercise and lifestyle modifications
. Start meds if this is unsuccessful |
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How do you tx hyperammonemia?
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. Decrease protein intake
. Give lactulose ( prevents absorption of NH3) . Neomycin is 2nd choice ( stops bowel flora from making NH3) (This is also the tx for hepatic encephalopathy - partly due to hyperammonemia) |
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What are the hemodynamic parameters of neurogenic shock?
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. Decreased CO, PCWP, SVR, and SVO2
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What are the manifestations of niacin deficiency and what is it?
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. B3 deficiency
. Pellagra . Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis |
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What are some side effects of oral isotretinoin
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. Teratogenic
. Dry skin + mucosa . muscle + joint pain . LFT abnormalities |
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What medication has been shown to double the smoking cessation rate at 1 year?
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. Bupropion (an antidepressant)
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How do you tx HTN emergency or urgency?
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. Nitroprusside or
. Nitroglycerin or . BBs (Labetalol) |
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What's vitamin B3 and what's the deficiency?
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. Niacin
. Pellagra ( dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea) . Stomatitis . Hyperkaratosis, hyperpigmentation and desquamation . Course if progressive over years |
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When should HTN screening start?
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. Every 2 years, starting at age 3
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Sudden unilateral, painless blindness, and opaque fundus should make you think of what? What's the TX?
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. Central retinal artery occlusion
(Due to atherosclerosis, temporal arteritis, endocarditis) . Tx: digital massage, high flow O2, thrombolytics (same critera as for stroke) - under 8 hours |
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What's the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?
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. Acetylcysteine
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What are some signs of disulfiram toxicity?
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. N/V
. Tachycardia . Dyspnea . Skin flushing . Diaphoresis . Headache . anxiety |
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What's the single most significant source of preventable morbidity and premature death in the US?
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. Smoking
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When should you reevaluate a pt for increased BP?
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. The higher the BP, the sooner
. Stage 1 - in 2 months to confirm . Stage II - 1 month . Stage III - 1 week (>180 diastolic) |
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What does exposure to radon gas causes?
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. Lung CA
( Second most significant risk factor for lung CA in the US after smoking) |
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When does noise induces hearing-loss becomes apparent?
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. In the 4000-Hz range
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How do you suspect Takayasu arteritis?
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. Pulseless disease
. Affects main branches of aortic arch . Young women (remember your ABC'S - aortic branches, right brachiocephalic and common carotid and left subclavian) |
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What's the definition of shock?
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. Systolic BP<90 that is not corrected by fluid resuscitation
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How do you tx skin breaks in suspicion of decubitus ulcers?
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. Aggressive surgical debridement and ABX if signs of infection are present
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What are the stages of HTN?
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. <120/<80 - normal - no drugs
. 120-139/80-89 - pre-HTN - no drugs . 140-159/90-99 - Stage I - Thiazides . >160/>100 - Stage II - Thiazides and another |
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What are the hemodynamic parameters of septic shock?
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. increased CO, SVO2
. decreased PCWP, SVR |
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Sudden unilateral painless blindness + congested retinal vessels (retinal hemorrhages), should make you think of what condition? What's the tx?
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. Central retinal vein occlusion
. Tx: laserphotocoagulation (develops more slowly) |
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What are the hemodynamic parameters of cardiogenic shock?
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. Decreased CO, and SVO2
. Increased PCWP, SVR |
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What's the tx for lice?
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. Permethrin cream
(preferred over lindane because of neurotoxicity) |
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How do you Dx and TX ankle sprains?
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. Talar tilt test
. Drawer test . TX: PRICE: - Protection by immobilization - Rest of foot - Ice daily - Compression by elastic - Elevation |
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Why is jaundice first visible in the eyes but not the skin?
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. The sclera is high in elastin content, which has an affinity for bilirubin
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What cell type deficiency results from AIDS, sarcoidosis, thymic aplasia, Hodgkin's disease?
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. T Cell deficiency
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