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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common cause of secondary HTN in young women? |
OCPs |
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What ophthalmic changes occur with longstanding HTN? |
Nicking of vessels, cotton wool spots, hemorrhages and papilledema |
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Which anti-hypertensives are contraindicated in pregnancy? Which are safe? |
Beta blockers and hydralazine are safe CCBs, ACEi, ARBs and thiazides should not be used |
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What are the metabolic side effects of thiazides? |
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and metabolic alkalosis |
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What are the cholesterol screening recommendations? |
Every 5 years starting at age 20 |
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What labs need to be monitored in patients on statins? |
LFTs, elevations in CPK can occur but are usually harmless |
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What is the drug of choice for prophylaxis of cluster headaches? |
Verapamil |
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Migraines are thought to be related to a deficiency of which hormone? What medications target this? What are the contraindications for these medications? |
Serotonin Ergotamine derivatives and triptans Pregnancy, CAD, uncontrolled HTN, PVD |
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Acute sinusitis most often involves which sinus? What are the common bacterial pathogens? |
Maxillary S. pneumo and H. flu |
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Which form of back pain is relieved by leaning forward? Which is related to neurogenic claudication? |
Spinal stenosis (both) |
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What is the most common cause of cauda equina syndrome? |
Disc herniation that causes severe stenosis of lumbar spine |
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What is cervical myelopathy? How does it present? What is the treatment? |
Neurologic dysfunction due to cervical stenosis Difficulty ambulating, loss of dexterity, bowel/bladder dysfunction Surgical decompression |
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What type of vision less occurs in ARMD? Which form is associated with neovascularization of the retina? Drusen? |
Central vision loss, scotoma Wet (exudative) Dry (non-exudative |
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What is the therapy for wet and dry ARMD? |
Wet can be treated with anti-VEGF, vitamins for dry |
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What virus is the most common cause of conjunctivitis? |
Adenovirus |
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Describe the results of Rinne and Weber testing in patients with conductive and sensorineural hearing loss |
Conductive: Rinne is abnormal because bone conduction is better than air, Weber localizes to affected side Sensorineural: Rinne is normal, Weber localizes to unaffected side |
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When should HTN screening be performed? |
After age 18 according to USPSTF |
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When should colonoscopy start in patients with a family history (1st degree) of colon cancer? |
Age 40, or 10 years prior to onset of CA in relative |
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What eye test does the grid test diagnose? |
Macular degeneration, straight lines appear wavy |
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What infection caused contact lens keratitis? |
Pseudomonas |
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What is the treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning? |
Alcohol or fomepizole administration, which inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase |
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When is charcoal used in the management of acetaminophen OD? What lab should be drawn in these patients for prognostic purposes? |
Within 4 hours of ingestion Acetaminophen level (not LFTs) |
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How is lethal cardiac arrhythmia prevent in OD of TCAs? What is the mechanism for this action? |
Sodium bicarbonate Sodium load alleviates depressant action on myocardial sodium channels |
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Other than anti-cholinergic symptoms, what occurs in TCA OD? |
Hyperthermia, seizures and ileus |
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What cholinergic is used to reverse Benadryl toxicity? |
Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor |
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What is the management of caustic ingestion? |
ABCs Removing contaminated clothes and irrigating skin IVF CXR to r/o perforation Endoscopy if there is no perforation |
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Other than CO, what poisonous substance is found in victims of fire? What is the treatment for this? |
Cyanide toxicity Treated empirically with hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate or induction of methemoglobinemia using nitrates |
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What is the treatment of organophosphate poisoning? |
Atropine, blocks acetylcholinesterase |
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How is the presentation of methanol poisoning different from that of ethylene glycol? |
There is damage to the eyes in methanol and damage to the kidneys in ethylene glycol |
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How is peritonsillar abscess diagnosed? What is the treatment? |
Needle aspiration IV abx |
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Who gets serous otitis media? How does it present? |
HIV patients Middle ear effusion without evidence of infection that causes a hypomobile TM on pneumatic otoscopy |
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What is the treatment for otitis externa? |
IV cipro |
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What are some complications of otitis externa? |
Spread of the infection to bone causing osteomyelitis and infiltration of nerves (often CN VII) |
