Internal Diagnosis Ii

Front 1

What reflex in initiated by smell?

Back 1

Pavlovian which induces salivation

Front 2

What is the GI tract all about?

Back 2

Surface area

Front 3

Purpose of mastication?

Back 3

Breakdown of food and the beginning of digestion of CHO

Front 4

What is the function of the oral cavity?

Back 4

Mastication, digestion, lubrication, taste and absorption

Front 5

What is the gastric colic reflex?

Back 5

After an overnight fast, putting something in the mouth initiates the colon to have a bowel movement.

Front 6

What is the bump in the roof of the mouth on the hard palate called?

Back 6

Torus palatineus

Front 7

What is the function of the torus palatineus?

Back 7

Causes the tongue to have a tighter seal.

Front 8

Where is the epiglottis located?

Back 8

Laryngopharynx

Front 9

What is a hernia?

Back 9

Movement of tissue into host compartment where it doesn't belong.

Front 10

What is a diastasis recti?

Back 10

Herniation of the linea alba.

Front 11

What is a volvolus?

Back 11

The intestine twisting upon itself.
It occurs in the sigmoid and cecum most often.

Front 12

What is digestion?

Back 12

Breaking down of nutriens into liquids in the mouth for absorption.

Front 13

What is mastication?

Back 13

Tearing or pulverizing of nutrients and mixing with salvia

Front 14

What is deglutition?

Back 14

Swallowing of nutrients with passage from the pharynx to the esophagus to the stomach.

Front 15

Digestion

Back 15

Breakdown of nutrients both mechanical and chemically for absorption. CHO in the mouth, Protein in the stomach and Fats in the small bowel.

Front 16

Absorption

Back 16

Nutrients to the blood stream via the hepata-venous portal system, from the small bowel to the liver to be filtered before entering the blood stream.

Front 17

Defecation

Back 17

Entails the gastric colic reflex due to distention/ pressure of sigmoid colon.

Front 18

2 enzymes in the oral cavity

Back 18

Lingual lipase & salivary amylase

Front 19

3 phases of swallowing

Back 19

1. Buccalvoluntary. uvula prevent reflux into nasopharynx.
2. Pharyngeal/involuntary. message to medulla to relax, epiglottis cover trachea.
3. Esophageal/involuntary.Peristalsis & lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

Front 20

What is the tissue is the esophagus?

Back 20

Stratifies squamous epithleum

Front 21

What orientation are the fibers of the esophagus?

Back 21

Longitudinal

Front 22

What is cancer of he esophagus?

Back 22

Squamous CA

Front 23

What is Barretts esophagus?

Back 23

Adenocarcinoma

Front 24

What is the benign muscle tumor?

Back 24

Leiomyoma

Front 25

Borborygmus

Back 25

Gurgling or bowel sounds. Caused by low blood sugar.

Front 26

Where is the anti-emetic center located?

Back 26

At the base of the brain

Front 27

What prevents the back flow of chyme into the stomach? 5/21/12

Back 27

Pyloric sphincter

Front 28

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? 5/21/12

Back 28

Duodenum

Front 29

What is the function of the duodenum? 5/21/12

Back 29

Excretion of lipase and amylase. It's the shortest part.

Front 30

What is the function of the jejunum? 5/21/12

Back 30

Digestion

Front 31

What is the function of the ileum? 5/21/12

Back 31

Absorption.
It's the longest part.

Front 32

Function of large intestine? 5/21/12

Back 32

Absorption of water and electrolytes, form and store and expel store feces.

Front 33

Defecation reflex. 5/21/12

Back 33

Stretch, squeeze and relax external sphincter.

Front 34

4 Layers of GI tract. 5/21/12

Back 34

Mucosa:simple stratified squamous
Submucosa:blood vessels
Muscularis: muscle layer
Serosa:tough fibrous layer

Front 35

Function of muscular layers of GI tract. 5/21/12

Back 35

Oblique: mixing
Circular: sphincters
Longitudinal: propulsion

Front 36

What happens when there is reflux thru the LES? 5/21/12

Back 36

Change from stratified simple squamous to columnar due to metaplasia which increases the risk for malignancy (adenocarcinoma).

Front 37

Esophageal cancer. 5/21/12

Back 37

Squamous carcinoma

Front 38

Colon cancer. 5/21/12

Back 38

Adenocarcinoma

Front 39

Benign muscle tumor. 5/21/12

Back 39

Leiomyoma

Front 40

Controls quantity of chyme release from the stomach. 5/21/12

Back 40

Pyloric sphincter

Front 41

Function of the stomach. 5/21/12

Back 41

Primary: digestion of protein, absorbs ETOH.
Secondary: mixing w/ gastric juice, chyme ( partly digested), protein done, disach, start of fat.

Front 42

Tissue composition of stomach. 5/21/12

Back 42

Rugae, glandular cells(produce enzymes, acid, bicarbonate & mucus), crypts to increase surface area.

Front 43

Delayed gastric emptying syndrome.
5/21/12

Back 43

Slowed transit time in diabetic pts. That will lead to peptic ulcers from prolonged increased acidic environment.

Front 44

Bowel sounds. 5/21/12

Back 44

Borborygmi due to low blood sugar levels.

Front 45

Makes up the small intestine. 5/21/12

Back 45

Duodenum(shortest):C-shape w/ pancreas inside.
Jejunum: start some absorption, but continue breakdown.
Ileum:(longest) absorption.

Front 46

3 things excreted in the 2nd portion of the duodenum. 5/21/12

Back 46

Pancreatic enzymes
Amylase
Lipase

Front 47

Function of cecum and ascending colon. 5/21/12

Back 47

Absorbs electrolytes and water into the blood and interstitial tissues.

Front 48

Defecation reflex. 5/21/12

Back 48

Stretch receptors trigger contraction of rectal muscles,
Relaxation of internal anal sphincter (invol)
Initial contraction of external sphincter
Relaxation of internal sphincter (signal brain to defecate)
Relax of external sphincter(vol)

Front 49

Function of mesentery. 5/21/12

Back 49

Carries SMA, SMI & Portal system, composed of thin, translucent fibrous tissue that holds intestine together to reduce volvolus.

Front 50

Function of omentum. 5/21/12

Back 50

Insulates, protects and stores.

Front 51

Transit time of food. 5/21/12

Back 51

Mouth to anus: 18-36 hrs
Esophagus: 10 sec
Stomach: 1-3 hrs
Small intestine: 7-9 hrs
Large intestine: 25-30 hrs
Rectum: 30-120 hrs

Front 52

Strangulated hernia. 5/21/12

Back 52

Life threatening and surgical emergent

Front 53

Results of portal hyperrtension due to increase pressure in the venous system. 5/21/12

Back 53

Caput medusa
Gastro esophageal varices
Hemorrhoids (last because most distal)

Front 54

Liver function. 5/21/12

Back 54

Process fat soluble waste

Front 55

Kidney function. 5/21/12

Back 55

Process water soluble waste

Front 56

Gluconeogenesis. 5/21/12

Back 56

When liver glucose storage empties the liver breaks fats into glucose.

Front 57

Caput Medusa etiology. 5/21/12

Back 57

Most likely ETOH.
S/S: edema, ascites, large umbilicus and abdominal varicosities.

Front 58

NORMAL SHAPE OF ABDOMEN 5/24/12

Back 58

Hour glass

Front 59

ECCHYMOSIS IS SIGN OF? 5/24/12

Back 59

Bleeding or trauma

Front 60

ACYIVE PERISTALSIS 5/24/12

Back 60

5-35/minute
> in IBS
For no BS need to listen for 3 min.

Front 61

PERITONEAL FRICTION RUB INDICATES? 5/24/12

Back 61

Inflammation from peritonitis

Front 62

VOLUNTARY CONTRACTON OF THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES.
5/24/12

Back 62

Guarding

Front 63

INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION OF ABDOMINAL MUSCLES & RIGIDITY? 5/24/12

Back 63

Peritonitis

Front 64

PERITONITS CAUSES? 5/24/12

Back 64

Infection
Trauma
Hemorrhage

Front 65

NORMAL LIVER SIZE? 5/24/12

Back 65

Vertical @midclavicular line 12-14 cm.
Inferior margin usually concave/flat, if convex=enlarged.

Front 66

NORMAL ABDOMINAL PERCUSSION SOUNDS? 5/24/12

Back 66

Normal-resonant
Organs-dull
Air pocket-tympanic or hyper resonant

Front 67

PERITONITIS S/S.? 5/24/12

Back 67

Pain
Tenderness
Guarding
Pain w/movement
Fever

Front 68

TEMPORARY SHUTT DOWN OF THE BOWEL CAN LEAD TO?
5/24/12

Back 68

Ileus