Internal Anatomy Of The Forebrain

Front 1

What does the lateral ventricle use as a connection to the third ventricle?

Back 1

Foramen of Monroe

Front 2

What are some primary structures that are adjacent to the lateral ventricles?

Back 2

1) caudate nucleus
2) corpus callosum
3) septum pellucidum
4) Fornix
5) Thalamus

Front 3

The septum pallucidum attaches to what?

Back 3

1) corpus callosum
2) Major tract between the hippocampus and the mammilary bodies called the FORNIX

Front 4

What does the third ventricle split in half?

Back 4

The thalamus and hypothalamus

Front 5

The halves of the thalamus join where?

Back 5

Massa intermedia

Front 6

The lateral ventrical communicates with the 4th ventrical via what?

Back 6

cerebral aqueduct

Front 7

What are the two foramen that allow CSF to connect with the blood stream?

Back 7

Foramina of Luschka (opening in lateral recess of lateral ventricle)

Foramen of Magendie (under cerebellum)

Front 8

Commisures are what type of white matter?

Back 8

Interhemispheric white matter

Front 9

The type of white matter that connects regions of the same hemisphere

Back 9

Intrahemispheric white matter

Front 10

Projection white matter is

Back 10

axons running to distant targets (cortex to spinal cord for exaxmple)

Front 11

What lobe does the anterior commisure connect together from both hemispheres?

Back 11

Temporal

Front 12

What is chacteristic of the posterior commisure?

Back 12

Lies in front of the cerebral aqueduct

Responsible for pupillary light reflex

Front 13

Internal capsule have three long tracts that carry what? What else does it have?

Back 13

Ascending and descending information

1) medial lemniscus
2) corticospinal tract
3) Anterolateral system

It also has tracts that controls fxn of brainstem
1) corticonulear
2) corticobulbar

Front 14

Internal capsule fibers go from what to what? What do the fibers emerge as?

Back 14

Cortex to spinal cord.

Crus cerebri of the ventral midbrain

Front 15

What does the internal capsule surround?

Back 15

Thalamus

Front 16

How is the internal capsule formed?

Back 16

Converging cortical axons (corona radiata) that pass between the putamen and caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia.

Front 17

What are the three parts of the internal capsule?

Back 17

1) anterior limb
2) genu (the middle point)
3) posterior limb

Front 18

Whats the relationship of the genu to surround structures?

Back 18

It marks the beginning of the thalamus

Front 19

What does the posterior limb separate?

Back 19

Thalamus
Lentiform nucleus

Front 20

What does the anterior limb separate?

Back 20

Caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus

Front 21

In more ventral sections, what do the genu and posterior limbs condense to form?

Back 21

Crus cerebri

Front 22

What is the connection between the two sides of the thalamus?

Back 22

Interthalamic adhesion; mass intermedia

Front 23

What is the purpose of thalamus?

Back 23

Major relay station in sensorimotor processing

Front 24

The thalamus houses two somatotopically organized relay systems. What are these two systems?

Back 24

1) Dorsal column medial lemniscal system

2) Anterolateral system

Front 25

Fibers that are responsible for maintaining consciousness also pass through here as well. T/F

Back 25

True

Front 26

Is the hypothalamus also divided by the third ventricle?

Back 26

Yes.

Front 27

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Back 27

Neuro-endocrine
Autonomic
Cognitive processing functions

Front 28

How does the hypothalamus connet to the pituitary gland?

Back 28

It has an infundibulum to pass neural and vascular connections

Front 29

What are the mamillary bodies on the hypothalamus responsible for?

Back 29

Primary memory circuitry

Front 30

What is the collection of structures within the epithalamus?

Back 30

1) pineal gland
2) habenular nuclei

Front 31

What does the pineal gland synthesis and what does it do?

Back 31

Melatonin

Involved in the sleep/wake cycle

Front 32

What is the subthalamus responsible for?

Back 32

Motor processing with the basal ganglia

Front 33

The two largest structures of the basal ganglia are called what?

Back 33

1) Caudate nucleus
2) Putamen

Together, these are called striatum

Front 34

T/F: The caudate nucleus follows the form of the lateral ventricle

Back 34

True

Front 35

The striatum are involved in what?

Back 35

Motor processing and the motor aspects of some behaviors

Front 36

What does lentiform nuclei include?

Back 36

Putamen

Globus pallidus

Front 37

Together, the lentiform nuclei with the caudate nucleus also perform what?

Back 37

Motor function processing

Front 38

The substantia niagra is responsible for what?

Back 38

It is part of the basal ganglia that contains the NT dopamine. Degeneration of this leads to parkinson disease.

Front 39

What are the primary limbic structures?

Back 39

1) amygdala
2) fornix
3) hippocampal formation

Front 40

What structure is important for short and long term memoory?

Back 40

Hippocampal formation (seahorse shaped)

Its efferent projection is the fornix

Front 41

What fibers does the fornix contain?

Back 41

Efferent
Afferent

Between hippocampus and mammilary bodies

Front 42

Does the fornix separate the lateral and third ventricles?

Back 42

Only partially. the dorsal of the thalamus

Front 43

What lies anteriorly to the hippocampal formation?

Back 43

Amygdala

Front 44

What does the amygdala function as?

Back 44

Together with the hypothalamus, it is involved with:

autonomic components of emotional behavior (fear, anger, memory associations, emotional reactions)