Intercultural Communication Ch. 8

Front 1

Two types of Voluntary Migrants

Back 1

Sojourners and Immigrants

Front 2

Two types of Involuntary Migrants

Back 2

Long-term refugees and short-term refugees

Front 3

Assimilation

Back 3

A type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity

Front 4

Cultural adaptation

Back 4

A process by which individuals learn the rules and Ccustoms of new cultural contexts

Front 5

Culture Shock

Back 5

A relatively short-term feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar cues in the environment

Front 6

Explanatory Uncertainty

Back 6

In the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave as they do

Front 7

Flight approach

Back 7

A strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn form the new environment

Front 8

Fight approach

Back 8

A trial and error approach to coping with a new situation

Front 9

Functional Fitness

Back 9

The ability to function in daily life in many different contexts

Front 10

Integration

Back 10

A type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture and their daily interactions with other groups

Front 11

Intercultural identity

Back 11

Identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference

Front 12

Marginalization

Back 12

A type of cultural adaptation in which an individual expresses little interest in maintaining cultural ties with either the dominant culture o the migrant culture

Front 13

Multicultural Identity

Back 13

A sense of in-betweenness that develops as a result of frequent or multiple cultural border crossings

Front 14

Phenomenological approach

Back 14

A research approach that seeks indepth explanations of human experiences

Front 15

Predictive Uncertainty

Back 15

A sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict what someone will say or do

Front 16

Psychological Health

Back 16

The state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context

Front 17

Segregation

Back 17

The policy or practice of compelling groups to live apart from each other

Front 18

Two forms of Separation

Back 18

*Voluntary and accepted (Amish)
*Involuntary and forced—segregation
1. Legal/official
2. Unofficial (redlining)

Front 19

Sojourners

Back 19

People who move into new cultural contexts for a limited period of time and for a specific purpose, such as for study or business

Front 20

Transnationalism

Back 20

The activity of migrating across the borders of one or more nation-states

Front 21

U-curve theory

Back 21

A theory of cultural adaptation positing that migrants go through fairly predictable phases- excitement/anticipation, shock/disorientation, adjustment-in adapting to a new cultural situation

Front 22

Uncertainty reduction

Back 22

The process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information

Front 23

W-curve theory

Back 23

A theory of cultural adaptation that suggests that sojourners experience another U curve upon returning home

Front 24

Six trends in international migration

Back 24

1. Globalization of Migration
2. Acceleration of Migration
3. Differentiation of Migration
4. Feminization of Migration
5. Politicization of Migration
6. Commodification of Migration

Front 25

Migrant-host Relationships

Back 25

The relationships between immigrants and their hosts are very complex, and understanding these relationship requires a dialectical approach
1.Assimilation
2.Separation
3.Integration
4.Marginalization
5.Cultural Hybridity

Front 26

Cultural Hybridity

Back 26

Migrants and their family often combine these four different modes of relating to the host society- at times assimilating, other times integrating, and still other times separating, or marginalizing

Front 27

Individual influences on Adaptation

Back 27

Many individual characteristics-including age, gender, preparation level, and expectations- can influence how well migrants adapt

Front 28

Outcomes of Adaptation

Back 28

1. Psychological Health
2. Functional fitness
3. Intercultural identity

Front 29

Feminization of Migration

Back 29

Increase of women in the the ranks of migrants

Front 30

Commodification of Migration

Back 30

Citizens bring immigrants to work for them - Sweatshops

Front 31

The "Melting Pot" metaphor

Back 31

Voluntary assimilation

Front 32

The "Pressure Cooker" metaphor

Back 32

Involuntary assimilation

Front 33

Chapter 8

Back 33

Chapter 8

Front 34

Recruitment of Migrants

Back 34

By the Government:(the Bracero program): Issue special visas and develop programs
By Corporate:
1. Skilled workers
2. Unskilled labor (Maquiladora programs)
3. Mexican farm workers

Front 35

Anxiety and Uncertainty Management Model

Back 35

Anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) model: intercultural interactions foreground a sense of
1. Predictive uncertainty
2. Explanatory uncertainty

Front 36

Traits associated with effective AUM

Back 36

Traits associated with effective AUM:
1. Solid self-concept
2. Flexible attitudes
3. Complex categorization skills
4. Informal setting

Front 37

Recruitment of Migrants

Back 37

By the Government:(the Bracero program): Issue special visas and develop programs
By Corporate:
1. Skilled workers
2. Unskilled labor (Maquiladora programs)
3. Mexican farm workers