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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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La Langua
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The entire system of a language
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La Parole
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In linguistics or semiotics. A term that means discourse or language in use
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Signified
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In semiotics, anything that is expressed in arbitrary words, or signifiers
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Signifiers
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In semiotics, the culturally constructed, arbitrary words or symbols that people use to refer to something else
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Pragmatics
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The study of how meaning is constructed in relation to receivers and how language is actually use in particular contexts in language communities
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Semiosis
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The analysis of the nature of an relationships between signs in language
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Signs
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In semiotics, the meanings that emerge from the combination of signifiers and signifieds
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Myths
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(1) Theories or stories that are widely understood and believed: (2) in semiotics, the layers of meaning beneath a signifier
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Nominalist Position
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The view that perception is not shaped by the particular language one speaks
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Relativist Position
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The view that the particular language individuals speak, especially the structure of the language, shapes their perception of reality and cultural pattern
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Qualified Relativist Position
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A moderate view of the relationship between language and perception. The position sees language as a tool rather than a prison
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Steven Pinker's Research
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People do not think in English, Chinese or Arabic: They think in a language of thought
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George Lakoff's Research
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Color concepts for example are explained by three factors: a neurophysiological apparatus, a universal cognitive apparatus, and culturally determined choices that apply to the input of the universal cognitive apparatus
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Co-cultural group
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Nondominant cultural groups that exist in a national culture, such as African American or Chinese American
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Code Switching
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A technical term in communication that refers to the phenomenon of changing languages, dialects, or even accents
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Communication Style
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The metamessage that contecualizes how listeners are expected to accept and interpret verbal messages
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Discourse
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The ways in which language is actually used by particular communities of people, in particular contexts, for particular purpose
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High-context communication
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A style of communication in which much of the information is contained in the contexts and nonverbal cues rather than expressed explicitly in words
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Low-context communication
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A style of communication in which much of the information is conveyed in words rather than in nonverbal cues and contexts
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Interlanguage
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A kind of communication that emerges when speakers of one language are speaking in another language. The native language's semantics, syntactics, pragmatics, phonetics, and language styles often overlap and create a third way of communicating
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Language Policies
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Laws or customs that determine which language will be spoken, when and where
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Lingua Franca
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A commonly shared language that is used as a medium of communication between people of different languages
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Metamessage
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The meaning of a message that tells other how they should respond to the content of our communication based on our relationship to them
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