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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intelligence
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The application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or culture
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Psychometric Instruments
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Tests that quantify psychological attributes such as personality traits or intellectual abilities
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Intelligence Test
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Measures designed to assess an individual’s level of cognitive capabilities compared to other people in a population
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Mental Age (MA)
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The average age at which children achieve a particular score
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Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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A score meant to quantify intellectual functioning to allow comparison among individuals – (mental age / chronological age) x 100
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The Wechsler Scales
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WAIS-IV for adults, WISC-IV for children yield an overall full-scale IQ score as well as four composite index scale scores (VCI, PRI, WMI AND PSI) and a General Ability Index (GIA)
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Intellectual Impairment
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Significantly below average general intellectual functioning (IQ less than 70)
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Teratogen
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Alcohol, a harmful environmental agent that can cause malformation or death of a foetus
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Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Babies with malformations of the nose and eyes, together with restricted intelligence and an agitated personality
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Gifted
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Often equated with an extremely high IQ (>130), although common definitions extend to other forms of talent
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Creativity
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The ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way
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Divergent Thinking
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The ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation
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Savant Syndrome
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Have low overall intelligence but extraordinary talent in one particular realm of ability
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Culture Free Test
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Attempted to create an IQ test that eliminates cultural anomalies (Limited success)
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Culture Fair Test
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IQ test that only uses items that would measure skill and knowledge common across cultures (Limited success)
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Psychometric Approach
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Identify groups of items in a test that correlate highly with one another in order to discover underlying skills or abilities
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Factor Analysis
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A statistical procedure for identifying common elements, or factors, that underlie performance across a set of tasks
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Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory
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Distinguished two types of factors, general and specific
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G-Factor
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General intelligence
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S-Factor
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Specific abilities unique to tests
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Gf-Gc Theory
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Hierarchical model of intelligence that argues for the presence of two overarching types of intelligence, fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence
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Fluid Intelligence
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Intellectual capabilities that have no specific content but are used in processing information
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Crystallised Intelligence
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Store of knowledge, such as vocabulary and general word knowledge
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Knowledge Base
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The information stored in long-term memory
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Emotional Intelligence
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The ability to read people’s emotions and use one’s own emotional responses adaptively
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Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
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3 types of intelligence; analytical, creative and practical intelligence
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Analytical Intelligence
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Reflects the ability to put together the mental processing components needed (IQ Tests)
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Creative Intelligence
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Finding novel solutions to problems
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Practical Intelligence
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Finding common sense solutions to everyday problems
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