Intelligence

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Intelligence

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Mental quality consisting of that ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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Intelligence test

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A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

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General intelligence "g factor"

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A general intelligence factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by eary task on an intelligence test

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Factor analysis

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A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test

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Savant syndrome

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A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in drawing

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Grit

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Grit is a personality trait which is encompassed by a passion and resilience to achieve one's goals. Overcoming obstacles and hardiness are also components of this personality trait. A gritty personality could also be described as ambitious, tenacious, and having perseverance.

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Emotional intelligence

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The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

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Down syndrome

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A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup

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Heritability

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Something passed on through genes (intelligence)

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Stereotype threat

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people's perceived risk they they might do something that support an unfavorable stereotype about their group

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Mental age

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The original ratio IQ stated that IQ is equal to mental age (what you know) divided by chronological age

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Stanford binet

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The widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test

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Intelligence quotient

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Defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

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Achievement test

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A test designed to assess what a person has learned

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Aptitude test

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A test designed to predict a person's future performance (similar to the military's ASVAB Test)

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Wechsler adult intelligence

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WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; it contains verbal and performance sub-tests

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Standardization

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Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested "standardization group"

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Normal curve

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The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

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Reliability

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The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

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Validity

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The Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to, what it was designed to do

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Content validity

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The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

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Predictive validity

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The success with which a test predicts the behavior it si designed to predict

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Cohort

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Cohort1Cohort:+ add to my flashcards cite this termEssentially, cohort refers to people who are approximately the same age. When researchers conduct different types of studies (for example, developmental/cross sectional studies), they use cohorts to see how people of different ages compare on some topic at one point in time. For example, a researcher may compare the effects of a new study aid in three different cohorts: 10th graders, 11th graders, and 12th graders. In this way, you can examine the study aid across three different grade levels.

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Crystallized intelligence

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acquired skills and knowledge and the application of that knowledge to the specific content of the person's experience.

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Fluid intelligence

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the basic power of reasoning and using information, including the ability to perceive relationships, sole unfamiliar problems, and gain new tiypes of knowledge.

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Intellectual disability

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"significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior." These limitations affect everyday social interactions and basic life skills and must be present before the age of 18.