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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intellectual Disability Causes
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Inheritance
Genetic and constitutional factors Neurobiological factors Social and psychological dimensions |
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Organic Mental Retardation
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genetic and constitutional factors, usually results in severe retardation
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Cultural-Familial Mental Retardation
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no clear organic cause, possibly the result of poor nutrition, abuse or neglect, typically associated with milder forms of retardation
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The most common cause of severe MR are from what cause
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Chromosomal abnormalities
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Down syndrome
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(additional 21st chromosome)
Physical features (floppy, flat features, almond-shaped eyes, enlarged tongue, etc.); often heart problems and hypothyroidism |
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Fragile-X syndrome
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syndrome (FMR-1 gene)
Less prominent physical features than Down; large forehead; mild MR; autism-like behaviors; shy; hyper |
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Prader-Willi
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(chromosome 15)
Mild MR; no satiation from eating; temper; short |
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Who first described Down Syndrome?
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First described in 1866 by John Langdon Down
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Is there a cure for Fragile-X syndrome
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No cure but, these children are responsive to the medications used for ADHD and anxiety disorders
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Most common cause of birth defects?
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Down Syndrome
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Feeding issues with Down Syndrome
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Feeding issues – enlarged tongue may make breast feeding more difficult
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What determines the severity of the Fragile-X Syndrome
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Girls can have this syndrome but it is much more common and often more sever in boys than in girls
The severity of the disorder is associated with the mutation (in this case how elongated) the FMR1 gene is |
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What behaviors can be expected with Fragile-X Syndrome
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Children with Fragile-X display stereotypic behaviors, memory impairments and are more likely to have social anxiety and OCD
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What development results can be expected from Prader-Willi?
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Children with Prader-Willi have delayed sexual development, cognitive delays, short stature
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What is used to help children with Prader-Willi
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Growth hormone and physical therapy have been used to help regulate hunger and improve muscle mass
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What issues are common with children who have Prader-Willi
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Learning disabilities and speech issues are common
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What percentage of children with Prader-Willi have an IQ above 70
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Only 5% of children with Prader-Willi will have an IQ above 70
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Constitutional Factors for Intellectual Disability
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Neurobiological Factors
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Adverse biological conditions
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-inadequate nutrition during gestation
-Exposure to teratogens (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) -Pre and Perinatal Stressors |
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Cultural-Familial Mental Retardation
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Children forced into isolation or subjected to extreme neglect and or abuse in early development may become mentally retarded
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How can a child affected by Cultural-Familial Mental Retardation by their outcome?
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The families of mentally retarded children are predictive of the child’s outcome, they can improve or hinder the likelihood of a positive outcome for the child
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Child’s adjustment is related to ?
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Child’s adjustment is related to parental participation, resources, social supports, level of intellectual deficit, temperament, and other deficits
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Psychosocial Treatments
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These treatments are intensely focused in developing and supporting cognitive and social ability in the child
Goals include shaping language skills, adaptive behaviors and social ability |
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Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques
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Self-instructional training
Metacognitive training |
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Overview of treatments
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Intensive, child-focused, early intervention
Optimal timing is in the preschool years Behavioral techniques: shaping, modeling, graduated guidance, social skills training Cognitive-behavioral techniques: self-instructional training, problem solving Family oriented interventions help families cope with the demands of raising a child with MR |
