Integusys

Front 1

What are the major groups of bodily membranes?

Back 1

Epithelial and Connective Tissue

Front 2

What are the main categories of epithelial membranes?

Back 2

Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous

Front 3

What characterizes mucous membranes?

Back 3

Usually line body cavities that open to exterior (nose/mouth/etc)
Composed of Epithelium resting on a lamina propia, a loose connective tissue membrane
Functions as a Defense Mech; Prevents drying; Lubricates GI tract

Front 4

Serous Membrane

Back 4

Lines body cavity closed to exterior and covers organs w/in cavities

Front 5

Serous Membranes: Layers

Back 5

Parietal and Pleural

Front 6

Serous Membranes: Describe Layers relation to each other

Back 6

Think of a fist in a balloon--> balloon to fist is visceral and outer wall of balloon is parietal. visceral covers and attaches organs to cavity

Front 7

Serous: Characteristics and Locations

Back 7

Both layers secrete watery, lubricating fluid, serous fluid.
Found in peritoneum (abd cavity); Pleura (lungs)l pericardium (heart)

Front 8

What is the major type of connective tissue membrane? What is its composition?

Back 8

Synovial Membrane. Made of fibrous connective tissue; does _not_ contain epithlial cells

Front 9

Synovial Membrane:Location

Back 9

Found: Lining cavity of freely moving joint (articular) and also surrounds tendons or forms sacs (bursa)

Front 10

Synovial Membrane: Function

Back 10

Secrete synovial fluid that lubricates and provides nutrients; bursa cushions and lubricates

Front 11

What are accessory sturctures for the cutaneous membrane?

Back 11

Sweat glands; oil glands; hairs; nails; sensory structures

Front 12

Integument

Back 12

Skin or covering

Front 13

Basic Skin Functions

Back 13

(1) protection-->6
(2) Regulate Body Temp->sweat
(3) Excretion->Urea
(4) Synth Vitamin D
(5) Blood Reservoir

Front 14

Protective Functions of Skin

Back 14

(1) Mechanical Damage-> Sense Pressure
(2) Chem Damage-> Pain Recep
(3) Bacterial-> Precent invasion/infection
(4) UV-> Melanocytes
(5) Thermal-> hot/cold dam
(6) Desiccation

Front 15

Structure of Skin: Major layers.

Back 15

Epidermis; Dermis; Subcutaneous

Front 16

Epidermis: Characteristics

Back 16

Composed of stratified squamous epithelium [keratinizes]
4 major cell types
4-5 layers

Front 17

Dermis: Characteristics

Back 17

Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue
2 layers

Front 18

Subcutaneous: Characteristic

Back 18

Composed of areolar tissue containing fat cells; anchors skin to underlying organs; shock absorber and insulator

Front 19

Epidermis: Major Cell Types

Back 19

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells

Front 20

Epidermis: Major Cell Types: Function

Back 20

Keratin toughens/waterproofs; Melanin provides pigment snd absorbs UV; Lagerhans interact with WBC [damaged by UV]; Merkel sense touch

Front 21

Epidermis: Layers

Back 21

4-5;
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

Front 22

Stratum Basale

Back 22

Deepest Cell Layer;
Continuous cell division;
Single cell layer contains all 4 cells of epidermis

Front 23

Stratum Spinosum

Back 23

8-10 tightly packed cell layers; mainly keratinocytes, some melano; spine-like projections anchor cells

Front 24

Stratum Granulosum

Back 24

3-5 cell layers: flatted Keratino
Granules develop in keratinocytes->lipid-rich sealant; transition from metabolically active to dead area

Front 25

Stratum Lucidum

Back 25

3-5 cell layers: clear/flat/dead
Not always present (on palms or soles of feet)

Front 26

Stratum Corneum

Back 26

20-30 cell layers
Flat & dead-->rub/flake away
Greatest amount of keratin-> fll keratinization. Outermost layer

Front 27

Skin Coloration

Back 27

Comes from Melanin (can be yellow; brown; black)

Front 28

Melanocytes

Back 28

Priduce Melanin; same number in all races (diff in melan production); Exposure to UV inc production; Protects against UV damage from the sun; excess UV damages skin "leathery"; depress immune sys; skin cancer (?)

Front 29

Skin coloration depends on

Back 29

Amount/Type of Melanin; Amount of carotene in Stratum Corneum and subcutaneous tissue; Amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

Front 30

Dermis

Back 30

Composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers; 2 layers: Papillary and Reticular

Front 31

Collagen Fiber

Back 31

Found throughout Dermis
Responsible for the toughness of the dermis
Attracts/Binds H20->skin hydration

Front 32

Elastic Fiber

Back 32

Provides elasticity

Front 33

Aging

Back 33

From loss of collagen and elastic fibers-> skin begins to sag/wrinkle

Front 34

Papillary Layer

Back 34

Contacts the Stratum Basale
Contains the Dermal Papillae
Contains Meissner's Corpuscles

Front 35

Dermal Papillae

Back 35

*Fingerlike Projections indenting into epidermis
*Increase surface area of papiallary layer (inc area for vascular supply)
*Ridges cause fingerprints

Front 36

Meissner's Corpuscles

Back 36

sensitive to light touch

Front 37

Reticular Layer

Back 37

*Deepest layer of skin
*Composed of elastin and Collagen

Front 38

Reticular Layer: How attached?

Back 38

Bound to the underlaying organs, bones, muscles via the superficial fascia

Front 39

Reticular Layer: Contains

Back 39

Blood vessels; Glands (sweat/oil); Pacinian Corpuscles (deep pressure)