Integumentary System Ch. 5

Front 1

Functions of the Integumentary System

Back 1

Protect from infection
Regulates body temperature
Prevents dehydration
Perception of external stimuli

Front 2

2 Major Layers Of Skin

Back 2

Epidermis and Dermis

Front 3

Epidermas

Back 3

The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 4

Dermis

Back 4

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue lying deep to the epidermas

Front 5

Subcutaneous Tissue

Back 5

A layer of adipose and areolar tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles
AKA hypodermis

Front 6

Layers (Strata) of the Epidermis

Back 6

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale

Front 7

Stratum Corneum

Back 7

The outermost layer of epidermis, composed of flattened, dead keratinocytes
Cells are continuously shed and replaced

Front 8

Stratum Lucidum

Back 8

Consists of flattened, dead keratinocytes, below stratum corneum
Only present in the thick areas of skin (fingertips, palms, and soles of feet)

Front 9

Stratum Granulosum

Back 9

Located under stratum lucidum, consists of flattened keratinocytes
Contain darkly staining granules the protein keratohyalin
Nuclei start to degenerate

Front 10

Stratum Spinosum

Back 10

Superficial to stratum basale, are many sided keratinocytes fitting closely together

Front 11

Stratum Basale

Back 11

The deepest layer of epidermis, composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
Undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes

Front 12

Keratin

Back 12

A fibrous, waterproof protein found in the hair, nails and other keratinized tissuse of the epidermis

Front 13

Kerantinization

Back 13

Occurs as cells move toward the surface

Front 14

Melanocytes

Back 14

Cells that produce melanin in response to exposure to sunlight

Front 15

Melanin

Back 15

A pigment that ranges from black to brownish yellow, that is found in the skin, hair and the pigmented layer of the retina

Front 16

Albinism

Back 16

An inherited inability to produce melanin
Melanocytes are usually present, but are unable to synthesis melanin

Front 17

Freckles

Back 17

Melanin filled cells clustered in patches in the epidermis

Front 18

Vitiligo

Back 18

Partial of complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin
Produces irregular white spots

Front 19

Subcutaneous Fascia

Back 19

Composed of loose CT and adipose tissue
Held to dermis by numerous collagen and elastic fibers

Front 20

Decubitus Ulcer

Back 20

Forms from lying in one position over long periods of time
Blood supply to epidermis is lost, and ulcers appear
AKA bedsore

Front 21

Hair Function

Back 21

Protection

Front 22

Hair Growth

Back 22

Follicle receives nutrients from blood vessels, cells divide pushing older cells upward, cells become keratinized, die and move upward towards the surface of the hair shaft

Front 23

Arrector Pilli Muscle

Back 23

Attached to hair follicle
Cause goosebumps when cold or frightened

Front 24

Sebaceous Gland

Back 24

Produce sebum (oily secretion) that keeps hair soft and waterproof

Front 25

Types of Sweat Glands

Back 25

Apocrine and Eccrine

Front 26

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Back 26

Found in groin and armpits, and are connected to hair follicles
Active during emotional stress

Front 27

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Back 27

Not associated with hair follicles
Secrete in response to increase in body temperature
Found on forehead, back, extremities

Front 28

Nails

Back 28

Protect ends of digits
Made by specialized epithelial cells at the base of each nail
Cells divide and become keratinized

Front 29

Types of Skin Cancer

Back 29

Basal cell carcinomas and melanomas

Front 30

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Back 30

Red, hard, dry scaly growth
Proportional to exposure to sun
Most often seen in light skinned people
Slow growing, can be cured if detected early

Front 31

Melanoma

Back 31

Blue black irregular spots on skin
Caused by short intermittent exposure to sun
Occurs in both young and old, more common in light skinned people

Front 32

Burns

Back 32

Tissue damage from excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that destroy protein

Front 33

First Degree Burn

Back 33

Involves on the surface of the epidermis
Characterized by mild pain erythema (redness) but no blisters
Skin function remains intact
Usually heals in 2-3 days

Front 34

Second Degree Burn

Back 34

Involved entire epidermis and possibly parts of the dermis
Characterized by redness, blisters, edema and pain
Some skin function lost

Front 35

Third Degree Burn

Back 35

Destroys epidermis, dermis, and epidermal derivatives
Marked by edema, and numbness
Regeneration is slow

Front 36

Skin Grafts

Back 36

Most successful involve transplanted skin from donor to recipient of same individual (auto graft) or identical twin (isograft)

Front 37

Autologous Skin Transplantation

Back 37

Used in severely burned patients
Small amounts of individual's epidermis are removed and grown in the lab to produce sheets of skin
Normally takes 3-4 weeks

Front 38

Thin Skin

Back 38

Covers most of body
Thin epidermis under (0.15 mm)
Lacks stratum lucidum
Lacks epidermal ridges, has fewer sweat glands, and sensory receptors

Front 39

Thick Skin

Back 39

Only on palms, and soles of feet
Thick epidermis (.6 to 4.5mm)
Distinct stratum lucidum and stratum corneum
Lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Front 40

Transdermal Drug Administration

Back 40

Method by which drugs enter the body
Most rapid absorption in thin skin

Front 41

Structural Changes of Skin Due to Age

Back 41

Collagen fibers decrease and stiffen
Elastic fibers loose elasticity
Fibroblasts decrease in numbers
Phagocytes become less efficient
Oil glands shrink

Front 42

Skin Photo Damage

Back 42

UVA and UVB damage skin
Acute exposure causes sunburn
DNA damage can leave to skin cancer
UVA produces oxygen free radicals that lead to wrinkles