Integumentary System

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Structures of the integumentary System

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Skin

Hair

Nails

Sebaceous glands

Sweat glands

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Albin/o

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White

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Cauter/o

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To burn

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cry/o

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cold

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cutane/o

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skin

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derm/o

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skin

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dermat/o

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skin

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diaphor/o

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profuse sweating

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electro/o

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electricity

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erythr/o

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redq

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hidr/o

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sweat

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ichthy/o

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scaly,dry

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kerat/o

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hard, horny

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leuk/o

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white

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lip/o

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fat

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melan/o

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black

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myc/o

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fungus

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necr/o

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death

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onych/o

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nail

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pedicul/o

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lice

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phot/o

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light

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py/o

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pus

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rhytid/o

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wrinkle

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sarc/o

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flesh

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scler/o

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oil

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system/o

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system

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trich/o

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hair

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ungu/o

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nail

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vesic/o

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sac, bladder

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xer/o

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dry

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-derma

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skin condition

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allo-

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other, different from usual

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xeno-

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foreign

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angi/o

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vessel

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bas/o

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base

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bi/o

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life

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carcin/o

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cancer

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chem/o

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chemical

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cis/o

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to cut

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cortic/o

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out layer

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cyt/o

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cell

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esthesi/o

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feeling

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hem/o

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bloo

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septic/o

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infection

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-al

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pertaining to

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-ectomy

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surgical removal

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-emia

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blood condition

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-ia

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state, condition

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-iasis

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abnormal condition

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-ic

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pertaining to

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-ism

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state of

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-itis

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inflammation

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-logy

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study of

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-malacia

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abnormal softening

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-oma

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mass, tumor

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-opsy

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view of

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-osis

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abnormal condition

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-ous

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pertaining to

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-phagia

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eat, shallow

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-plasty

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surgical repair

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-rrhea

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discharge

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-tic

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pertaining to

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-tome

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instrument to cute

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-ule

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small

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an-

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without

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anti-

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against

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auto-

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self

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de-

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without

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epi-

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above

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hyper-

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excessive

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hypo-

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below

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intra-

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within

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para-

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beside

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sub-

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under

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BCC

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basal cell carcinoma

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BX, bx

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biopsy

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C&S

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culture and sensitivity

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decub

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decubitus ulcer

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Derm, derm

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dermatology

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FS

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frozen section

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I&D

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incision and drainage

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ID

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intradermal

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MM

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malignant melanoma

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SCC

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squamous cell carcinoma

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SG

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skin graft

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SLE

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systemic lupus erythematosus

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STSG

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split-thickness skin graft

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Subc, Subq

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subcutaneous

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UV

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ultraviolet

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anesthetic

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deadens pain when applied to the skin

lidocaine, xlyocaine; procaine, novocain

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antibiotic

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kills bacteria causing skin infections

bacitracin/neomycin/ polymixinB, Neosporin ointment

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antifungal

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kills fungi infecting the skin

miconazole, monistat; clotrimazole, lotrimin

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antiparasitic

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kills mites or lice

lindane, kwell; permethrin, nix

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antipruritic

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reduces severe itching

diphenhydramine, benadyrl; camphor/ pramoxine/zinc, caladryl

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antiseptic

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kills bacteria in skin cuts and wounds or at a surgical site

isopropyl alcohol; hydrogen peroxide

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corticosteroid cream

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a cream containing a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties

hydrocorisone, cortaid; triamcinolone, kenalog

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skin

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largest organ of the body and can weigh more than 20 pounds in an adult. purposes; protection, houses nerve receptors, secrets fluids, and regulates temperature

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sweat glands

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assist the body in maintaining its internal temperature by creating a cooling effect as swear evaporates

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sebaceous glands

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produce an oily substance that lubricates the skin surface

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hair

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structure in integumentary system

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nails

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structure in integumentary system

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integumentary system

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skin and its appendages including sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails; sense organs that allow humans to respond to changes in temperature, pain, touch, and pressure are located in the skin

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integument

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another term for skin

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cutaneous membrane

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another term for skin

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sensory receptors

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detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure are located in the skin

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pathogens

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disease-causing organisms

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dermis

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deeper layer of the skin

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epidermis

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superficial layer of the skin

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hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

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underlying the dermis

not truly one of the layers of the skin, but because it assists in the functions of the skin

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basal layer

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deepest layer within the epidermis. cells in this layer continually grow and multiply.

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keratin

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a hard protein made of dead cells that overlap

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melanin

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black pigment

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melanocytes

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special cells that produce melanin

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stratified squamous epithelium

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composes the epidermis. this type of epithelial tissue consist of flat scale-like cells arranged in overlapping layers or strata

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collagen fibers

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a strong, fibrous protein present in connective tissue, forming a flexible "glue" that gives connective tissue its strength

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corium

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middle layer of skin

means true skin

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lipocytes

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fat cells that composes that subcutaneous layer

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arrector pilli

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the small slip of smooth muscle attached to each hair. when the muscle contracts the hair shaft stands up causing "goose bumps"

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hair follicle

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where the hair skin grows toward the surface of the skin

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hair root

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deeper cells that divide to grow hair longer

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hair shaft

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older keratinized cells that form most of length of a hair

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nail body

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nails are a flat plate of keratin

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Nail bed

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connects nail body to the tissue underneath

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Nail root

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nail grows from here and is found the base of the nail

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Cuticle

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soft protective tissue that covers the nail root

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Free edge

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the exposed edge that is trimmed when nails become too long

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lunula

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the light-colored half-moon area at the base of the nail

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sebum

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oil secreted by sebaceous glands

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apocrine glands

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sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat

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perspiration

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sweat

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sudoriferous glands

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sweat glands

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sweat ducts

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sweat travels to the surface of the skin through the skin

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sweat pore

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surface opening of a sweat duct

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cutaneous

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pertaining to the skin

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dermal

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pertaining to the skin

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epidermal

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pertaining to upon the skin

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hypodermic

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pertaining to under the skin

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intradermal

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pertaining to within the skin

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subcutaneous

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pertaining to under the skin

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ungual

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pertaining to the nails

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dermatology

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branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the integumentary system. physician is a dermatologist.

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plastic surgery

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surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction, or improvement of body structures such as the skin that are damaged, missing, or misshapen. physician is a plastic surgeon

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abrasion

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a scraping-away of the skin surface by friction

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anhidrosis

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abnormal condition of no sweat

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comedo

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collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle

also called a blackhead

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contusion

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injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising. the skin is not broken.

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cyst

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fluid-filled sac under the skin

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depigmentation

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loss of normal skin color or pigment

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diaphoresis

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profuse sweating

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ecchymosis

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skin discoloration caused by blood collection under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. a bruise.

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erythema

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redness or flushing of the skin

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erythroderma

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the condition of having reddened or flushed skin

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eschar

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a thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area

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fissure

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crack-like lesion or groove on the skin

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hirsutism

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excessive hair growth over the body

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hyperemia

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redness of the skin due to increased blood flow

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hyperhidrosis

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abnormal condition of excessive sweat

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ichthyoderma

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the condition of having scaly and dry skin

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lesion

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a general term for a wound, injury, or abnormality

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leukoderma

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having skin that appears white because the normal skin pigment is absent. may be all of the skin or just in some areas

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lipoma

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fatty mass

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macule

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flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface. an example would be a freckle or a birthmark

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necrosis

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abnormal condition of death

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nevus

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pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole. usually benign but may become cancerous

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module

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firm, solid mass of cells in the skin larger than 0.5 cm in diameter

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onychomalacia

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softening of the nails

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pallor

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abnormal paleness of the skin

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papule

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small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin less than 0.5 cm in diameter

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petechiae

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pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin

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photosensitivity

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condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun

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pruritus

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severe itching

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purpura

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hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/ purplish. commonly seen in older adults

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purulents

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containing pus or an infection that is producing pus. Pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris

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pustule

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raise spot on the skin containing pus

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pyoderma

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the presence of pus on or in the layers of skin. a sign of a bacterial infection

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scleroderma

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a condition in which the skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened

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seborrhea

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oily discharge

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suppurative

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containing or producing pus

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ulcer

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open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane

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urticaria

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also called hives; a skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching. usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reaction

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vesicle

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a blister; a small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin

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wheal

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small, round, swollen area on the skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria

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xeroderma

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condition in which the skin is abnormally dry

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abscess

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a collection of pus in the skin

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acne

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inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules

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acne rosacea

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chronic form ache seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on the nose and cheeks

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acne vulgaris

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common form of acne seen in teenagers. characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules

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albinism

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a genetic condition in which the body is unable to make melanin. characterized by white hair and skin and red pupils due to the lack of pigment

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basal cell carcinoma

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cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. a frequent type of skin cancer that rarely metastasizes or spreads

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burn

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damage to the skin that can result from exposure to open fire, electricity, ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, or caustic chemicals

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superficial first degree

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skin reddened

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partial thickness second degree

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blisters

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full thickness third degree

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charring

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rules of nine

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a method for determining percentage of body burned

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cellulitis

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a diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the connective tissue found in the skin

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cicatrix

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a scar

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decubitius ulcer

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open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences cutting of the blood flow to the overlying skin

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dermatitis

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inflammation of the skin

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dermatosis

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a general term indicating the presence of an abnormal skin condition

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dry gangrene

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late stages of gangrene characterized by the affected area becoming dried, blackened, and shriveled

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eczema

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superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompanied by redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting

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gangrene

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tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply

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ichthyosis

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condition in which the skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratinized

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impetigo

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a highly infectious bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that rupture and become crusted over

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Kaposi's sarcoma

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form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consists of brownish- purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs

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keloid

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formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery

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keratosis

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term for any skin condition involving an overgrowth and thickenin of the epidermis layer

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laceration

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a torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut

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malignant melanoma

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dangerous form of skin cancer caused by a uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. may quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs

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pediculosis

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infestation with lice. the eggs laid by the lice are called nits and cling tightly to hair

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psoriasis

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chronic inflammatory condition consisting of papules forming "silvery scale" patches with circular borders

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rubella

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contagious viral skin infection

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scabies

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contagious skin disease caused by an egg-laying mite that burrows through the skin an causes redness and intense itching;

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sebaceous cyst

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sac under the skin filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous gland

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squamous cell carcinoma

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cancer of epidermis layer of skin that may invade deeper tissue and metastasize

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strawberry hemangioma

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congenital collection of dilated blood vessel causing a red birthmark that fades a few months after births

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systemic lupus erythematosus

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chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and mucous membranes

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tinea

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fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions

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tinea capitis

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fungal infection of the scalp

ringworm

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tinea pedis

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fungal infection of the foot

athlete's foot

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varicella

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contagious viral skin infection

chickenpox

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verruca

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warts; benign growth caused by a virus

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vitiligo

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disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches

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wet gangrene

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an area of gangrene that becomes secondarily infected by pus-producing bacteria

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alopecia

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absence or loss of hair

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carbuncle

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furuncle involving several hair follicles

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furuncle

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bacterial infection of hair follicle

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trichomycosis

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abnormal condition of hair fungus

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onychia

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infected nail bed

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onycomycosis

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abnormal condition of nail fungus

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onychophagia

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nail biting/ eating

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paronychia

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infection of the skin fold around a nail

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culture and sensitivity

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lab test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area in order to identify the specific infecting bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics

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biopsy

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piece of tissue removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope

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exfoliative cytology

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scraping cells from tissue and then examining them under a microscope

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frozen section

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thin piece of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for rapid examination under a microscope

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fungal scrapings

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scrapings, taken with a curette or scraper, of tissue from lesions are placed on a growth medium and examined under a microscope to identify fungal growth

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allograft

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skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver

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autograft

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skin graft from a person's own body

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dermatone

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instrument for cutting skin or thin transplants of skin

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dermatoplasty

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skin grafting; transplantation of skin

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skin graft

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transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site

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xenograft

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skin graft from an animal of another species to a human

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cauterization

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destruction of tissue by using caustic chemicals, electric currents, or by heating or freezing

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cryosurgery

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use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue

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curettage

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removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette or scraper

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debridement

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removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound

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electrocautery

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to destroy tissue with an electric current

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incision and drainage

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making an incision to create an opening for the drainage of material such as pus

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onychechtomy

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removal of a nail

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chembrasion

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abrasion using chemicals

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dermabrasion

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abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper

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laser therapy

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removal of skin lesion and birthmarks using a laser beam that emits intense heat and power at a close range

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liposuction

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removal of fat beneath the skin by means of suction

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rhytidectomy

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surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles