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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Six Functions of the Integumentary System
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1. Protection
2. Thermoregulation 3. Sensory 4. Metabolic Functions 5. Blood Reservoir 6. Excretion |
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Two Layers of Skin
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Epidermis - epithelial tissue (superficial)
Dermis - connective tissue (deep) |
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Structure of Epidermis
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Superficial
Epithelial tissue Avascular Stratified squamos |
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Structure of Dermis
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Deep
Connective tissue (dense irregular) Vascular supply to dermis |
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Four Types of Cells found in the Epidermis
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1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes 3. Langerhans cells 4. Merkel cells |
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Keratinocytes
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Produce keratin and lamellar granules.
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Keratin
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A tough fiberous protein that protects the skin.
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Lamellar Granules
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Oil for waterproof coating.
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Melanocytes
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Produce melanin.
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Melanin
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Dark, protective pigment that migrates into keratinocytes (makes the melanocyte vulnerable to UV damage. Hence, cancer-->melanoma.
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Langerhans Cells
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Migrate from bone marrow to epidermis. Involved in immune response "presents the invader"
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Merkel Cells
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Detect touch sensations. Deepest layer of epidermis. Associated with sensory neurons.
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Five Layers of Epidermis
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1. Stratum Basale
2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidium 5. Stratum Corneum |
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Stratum Basale
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1 layer attaches to basement membrane. Basically stem cell layer to produce new cells.
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Stratum Spinosum
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10 layers - "spiny" appearance
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Stratum Granulosum
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4 layers. Site of apoptosis and lamellar granules (waterproofing).
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Statum Lucidium
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4 layers. Clear, thick skin. Dead cells. Thick skin found on fingers, palms, and soles of feet.
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Stratum Corneum
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30 layers. Dead cells keratin/granules, no nuclei.
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Epidermal Ridge
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Fingerprints.
Purpose: grip |
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Apoptosis
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Genetically determined cell death. Programmed cell death as cells get further away from their blood supply.
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Keratinization and Growth
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1. Newly formed cells migrate toward the surface.
2. Cells accumulate more and nore keratin. 3. Apoptosis 4.Fully keratinized cells slough off (to prevent colonizing microbes). |
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Two Regions of the Dermis
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1. Papillary Region
2. Reticular Region |
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Papillary Region
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Blood vessels (vascular)
Superficial layer is loose areolar CT. |
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Dermal Papillae
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Increased surface area. Contains vessels, nerve receptors
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Reticular Region
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Dense irregular CT for strength and elasticty.
Collagen and elastin fibers. |
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Basis of Skin Color
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1. Melanin - yellow->black. Freckles, albinism.
2. Carotene - carrot; precursor of Vit. A 3. Hemoglobin - carries oxygen in RBCs |
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Functions of Hair
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1. Thermoregulation - insulation
2. Protection - from UV 3. Senses light touch - touch receptors. |
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Anatomy of Hair
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1. Keratin shaft - dead
2. Hair root - in dermis 3. hair follicle - surrounds root 4. bulb - in dermis 5. Matrix - in dermis |
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Hair Root Plexus
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Touch neuron dendrites
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Exocrine Glands
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1. Cerumenous - ear wax
2. Sebaceous - oil (sebum)antibacterial 3. Sudoriferous - sweat. Eccrine (from birth for cooling)or Apocrine (puberty for musk) |
