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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of integumentary system
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protect (from sunlight, trauma & pathogens), Maintain body temperature, provide sensory information about environment, excretes and absorbs substances, synthesizes Vitamin D
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basic structure of epidermis
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keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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basic structure of the dermis
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dense irregular C.T
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4 types of cells found on the in the skin
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keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells & Merkel cells
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Merkel cells
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located in stratum basale, function is sensory of touch
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keratinocytes
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located in stratum spinosum up through stratum corneum. function is to produce the protein keratin, for protection.
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Melanocytes
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located in stratum basale. function is to produce melanin which contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging ultraviolet (UV) light
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Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic cells)
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located in stratum spinosum, function is to participate in the immune system
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Stratum basale
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bottom most layer of the epidermis, Merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes and stem cells that devide repeatedly. cells are attached by demosomes & hemidesmosomes
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stratum spinosum
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provides strength and flexibility to the skin. melanin from melanocytes is transferred to keratinocytes. There are 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes.
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stratum granulosum
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transition between living and dead cells. 3 to 5 layers of flat cells. example of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Contain granules that release lipid-rich secretion (keratohyalin) that repels water
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stratum lucidum
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present only in the fingers tips, palms of hands, and soles of feet. 3 to 5 layers of clear, flat, dead cells.
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stratum corneum
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25 to 30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids. Continuously shed, waterproof, barrier against some chemicals, bacteria, resists abrasion, and reduces penetration of light radiation.
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Hair follicle
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surrounds root.
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Functions of hair
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Prevents heat loss, decreases sunburn, eyelashes help protect eyes, touch receptors (hair root plexus) senses light touch
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jaundice
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yellowish color to skin and whites of eyes. build up of yellow bilirubin in blood from liver disease.
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cyanosis
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bluish color to nail beds and skin. hemoglobin depleted of oxygen looks purple-blue
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Erythema
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redness of skin due to enlargement of capillaries in dermis. During inflammation, infection, allergy or burns
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three pigments that influence skin color
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melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin (in blood vapularies)
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lanugo
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fine, nonpigmented hair that covers the fetus.
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vellus
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short, fine hair that replaces lanugo.
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terminal/coarse hair
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pigmented hair appears in response to androgens.
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sebaceous (oil) glands
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produce sebum, contains cholesterol, protiens, fats & salts. Moistens hairs, waterproofs and softens the skin, inhibits growth of bacteria & fungi
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sudoriferous (sweat) glands (eccrine)
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eccrine sweat glands have an extensive distribution most areas of skin. ducts lead to skin surface. help elimimate wastes such as urea.
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sudoriferous glands (apocrine)
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limited to distribution to the skin of the axilla (armpit) pubis, and areolae; their duct open into hair folicles.
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ceruminous glands
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modified sudoriferous glands that produce waxy substance called cerumen in the ear canal.
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nails
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tightly packed keratinized cells, free edge, nail body, nail root (lanula), eponychium (cuticle)
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arrector pili
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smooth muscle that contracts with cold or fear.
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ABCD
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Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter
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3 different types of cancer
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Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas
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basal cell carcinoma
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skin cancer in the stratum basale. rarely metastasize.
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squamous cell carcinoma
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skin cancer. in stratum spinosum. may metastasize.
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malignant melanomas
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most common cancer in young women, arise from melanocytes **Life threatening. metastasize rapidly. risk factors include skin color, sun exposure, family history, age and immunology status.
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two tissues found in the hypodermis
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areolar & adipose CT
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