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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the Cutaneous Membrane |
The Skin: the outer most Protective boundary Dry Membrane |
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What tissue makes up the Superficial epidermis? |
Keratinized stratfied squamous epithelium |
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What tissue makes up the Underlying Dermis? |
Mostly dense connective tissue |
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The integumentary system includes the skin and skin derivatives. What are the 4 derivatives? |
Sweat Glands Oil Glands Hair Nails |
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The Integumentary system protects from what 6 types of damage to the body? |
Mechanical Damage (bumps) Chemical Damage (acid and bases) Bacterial damage Ultraviolet Radiation Thermal (heat or cold) Damage Desiccation (drying out) |
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How does the skin protect from Mechanical damage? |
It is a physical barrier that contains keratin, which toughens cells. Fat cells cushion blows. Pressure receptors alert the nervous system for possible damage. |
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How does the skin protect from Chemical damage? |
Has relatively impermeable keratinized cells and pain receptors that alert the nervous system for possible damage. |
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How does the skin protect from bacterial damage? |
The skin has an unbroken surface and "acid mantle" (skin secretions are acidic, and thus inhibit bacteria). Phagocytes ingest foreign substances and pathogens, preventing them form penetratign into deeper body tissue. |
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how does the skin protect from ultraviolet radiation? (sunlight damage) |
Melanin produced by melanocytes offeres protection from UV damage. |
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How does the skin protect from Thermal damage? |
Contains heat/cold/pain receptors |
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How does the skin protect from Desiccation? (drying out) |
Waterproofing glycolipid and Keratin. |
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what are the three other functions of the integumentary system? |
Synthesizes Vitamin D Aids in excretion of Urea and Uric acid Aids in body heat loss or heat retention |
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list the epidermis layers in order |
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale |
CLGSB |
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What does the Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) do? |
Anchors skin to underlying organs |
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Where is the hypodermis and what is it made of? |
A) deep to dermis (not part of the skin) B) mostly Adipose tissue |
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Where is the Stratum Basale? What is its function? |
A) Deepest layer of function B) Cells undergo mitosis, daughter cells are pushed upwards to become part of the superficial layers. |
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What is the Stratum Spinosum layer concidered? |
The prickly layer |
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(google) What is the function of the Stratum Granulosum? |
To form a water proof layer |
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Where is the Stratum Lucidum layer located? What does it consist of? |
A) Only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. B) Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata. |
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Where is the Stratum Corneum? what does it do? |
A) outermost layer of the epidermis B) Shingle like dead cells are fill with keratin to prevent water loss |
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What is Melanin? |
Pigment produced by melanocytes, color is yellow to brown to black Amount of melanin produced depends on genetics and exposure to sunlight. |
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Where is Melanin produced in the skin? |
Melanocytes are mostly in the Stratum Basale |
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What are the two layers of the dermis? |
Papillary layer (upper) and Reticular layer (deepest) |
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What is located in the papillary layer? |
Projections called dermal papillae Capillary loops Pain receptors and touch receptors |
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What is in the Reticular layer? |
Blood Vessels sweat and oil glands deep pressure receptors |
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What 3 structures make up the traits of the dermis? |
Collagen fibers- give skin its toughness Elastic Fibers- provide elasticity Blood Vessels- Aid body temperature regulation. |
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What are the 3 Skin color Determinants? |
Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin |
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What is Carotene? |
Orange-yellow pigments from some vegetables. |
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what is Hemoglobin? |
Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries Oxygen content determins the extent of the red coloring |
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Cutaneous Glands are all exocrine glands, What does that mean? |
They secrete their poducts through ducts onto epithelium and not into bloodstream. |
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What does the Sebaceous gland do? |
Produce oil called sebum Lubricant for skin prevents brittle hair kill bacteria |
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Where do the sebaceous glands secrete? |
Most have ducts that empty into hair folliciles, others open directly onto skin surface. |
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What are sweat glands? where? |
A) produce sweat B) widely distributed in skin |
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what are the two types of sweat glands? |
Eccrine- Open via duct to pore on skin surface Apocrine- Ducts empty into hair follicles |
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what is the composition of Sweat? |
Mostly water Salts and vitamin C Some metabolic waste fatty acids and proteins (aprocine only) |
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What are the 3 spurposes of sweat? |
Helps dissipate excess heat excretes waste products acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth |
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Hair anatomy- name the three structures of hair. |
Central medulla cortex that surrounds the medulla Cuticle on the outside of the cortex |
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list the 4 associated hair structures |
Hair follicle- dermal and epidermal sheet surronding hair roots arrector pili muscle- pulls hair upright sebaceous gland sweat gland |
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what are nails? |
Scale like modifications of the epidermis, heavily keratinized |
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what is responsible for nail growth? |
Stratum basale beneath the nail bed |
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name the 4 nail structures |
Free edge body root of nail cuticle |
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what kind of infection is athleat's foot? |
fungal infection |
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what type of infection are boils and carbuncles? |
bacterial infection |
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What type of infenction are cold sores? |
Virus |
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what does contact dermatitis mean? |
Exposes cause allergic reaction (poison Ivy) |
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What is an Impetigo infection? |
A bacterial infection on the skin |
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what is Psoriasis caused by? |
Unkonwn but triggered by trauma, infection, and stress |
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What are burns? and what are they caused by? |
Tissue damage, from heat, electricity, UV light radiation, or chemicals |
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what are three associated dangers from burns? |
Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance circulatory shock |
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What does the Rule of Nines do? |
Determines the extent of a patients burns |
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how many areas is the body divided into when concerning burns? |
11, each area represents 9% of the total body surface area |
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What are the traits of a first degree burn? |
Only epidermis is damaged Skin is red and swollen |
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What are the traits of a second degree burn? |
Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged skin is red with blisters |
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What are the traits of a third degree burn? |
Entire skin layer is destroyed burn is gray-white or black |
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what is concidered a critical burn? |
Over 25% of body has second degree burns Over 10% of body has third degree burns third degree burns on hands, face, feet |
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What 2 types of skin cancer are there? |
Benign (does not spread) Malignant (Metastasized, moves, spreads) |
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what are some 3 traits of Basal cell carcinoma? |
Least malignant most common Arises from stratum Basal |
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what are some 3 traits of Squamous cell carcinoma? |
Early removal allows good chance of cure metastasizes to lymph nodes Arises from stratum spinosum |
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what are some 3 traits of Malignant Melanoma? |
Most deadly of skin cancers Cancer of melanocytes Matastisizes rapidly to lymph nodes and blood vessels (ABCD rule) |
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what is the ABCD rule? |
A= Asymmetry B= Border irregulairty C= Color D= Diameter- Spot is larger then 6mm in diameter |
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What is Meissner's corpuscle? |
Light touch sensor |
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What is Pacinian corpuscle? |
Deep pressure sencors |
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what does a corpuscle look like? |
An onion shaped layer of connective tissue around the nerve ending. |
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