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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the integument system?
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- to protect the body from invaders, water loss/gain, ultra violet light, and trauma
-to gain info of the outside world through cutaneous senses -immunity (its the second line of deffense) -production of vitamin D |
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What are the layers of the skin and mucous membranes?
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1)Epidermis
2) Dermis 3) Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) |
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What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of?
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stratified squamous epithelium
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Are there blood vessels or nerves running through the epidermis?
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No
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What is the wavy border between the epidermis and the dermis called?
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The Basal Lamina
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What are the layers of the epidermis?
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The stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum
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The stratum basale
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-deepest layer
-mitotic basale cells look cuboidal and divide about once per day -has ready nutrients because its close the the dermis |
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What are melanocytes?
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cells that produce melanin
-Not in mucous membranes |
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What is melanin?
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it protects the skin from UV damage by absorbing UV light
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Stratum Spinosum
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-8-10 rows of living cells
-irregular shape -closely packed together (this layer is just external to the stratum basale) |
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Stratum Granulosum
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-3-5 rows of living cells
-slow metabolism -far for nutrients to diffuse (just external to the stratum spinosum) |
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Stratum Lucidum
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-in non hairy skin, like soles of feet and palms of hands
-3-5 rows of completely keratinized dead cells -calluses |
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Stratum Corneum
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-25-35 rows of completely keratinized dead cells
-calluses -waterproof barrier of skin -lose about 1 layer per day |
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What are the structures that grow from the stratum basale?
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-hair
-nails -sweat glands -oil |
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What are the different types of sweat glands?
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Eccrine, Mammaries, Apocrine, Cerumnious
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What is a eccrine secretion?
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Temp. regulation and excretion of some salts/waste
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What is a mammarie secretion?
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happens so you can feed infant
-milk contains:water, proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, lipids, and more |
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What is a apocrine secretion?
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-found in groin and axillae
-contains: water, salts, urea, and pheromones |
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What is an cerumnious secretion?
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-found in the ear canal
-mixes with sebaceous secretions for form ear wax |
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What are oil glands associated with?
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hair follicles all over the skin
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Charectoristics of the dermis
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-loose CT and dense irregular CT
-rich blood and nerve supply -holds water -helps with immunity |
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Charectoristics of the hypodermis
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-mostly adipose tissue
-important in temp regulation -cushions internal organs -eccrine sweat glands originate here -rich blood supply |
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How does your body help with insulation?
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-the adipose layer in the hypodermis
-the hair stands up and creates "dead air space" |
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how does your body do convective cooling?
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air moving over the skin removes heat from the surface
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How does your body to evaporative cooling?
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when sweat evaporates it removes heat from the bodies surface
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What is shivering triggered by?
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temp. receptors in the skin
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What do your blood vessels do when your body is too hot?
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they dilate to increase heat movement from body core to the surface
-called vasodilation -this is why your skin is pink when you are hot |
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What do your blood vessels do when your body is too cold?
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they constrict causeing less heat to move from the core of the body to the surface
-called vasoconstriction -this is why your skin is pale when you are cold |
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Hyperthermia
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When your body overheats
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Hypothermia
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When your body temp is too low.
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What are the affects of a first degree burn?
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-surface redness
-affects epidermis only -no blistering -most sunburns |
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What are the affects of a second degree burn?
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-blistering
-affects epidermis and dermis |
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What are the affects of a third degree burn?
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-loss of water and plasma proteins
~this can cause blood volume loss, reduced urine output, kidney failure, and hear failure -loss of 1st and 2nd defense |
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Basal cell carcinoma
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-70-72% of cancers
-looks like irregular patch of skin -most on hands, face, ears, and arms -least likely to metastisize |
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Squamosal cell carcinoma
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-20-24% of skin cancers
-similar appearance to basal cell carcinoma but it affects different layers of epidermis -somewhat more likely to metastisize |
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Melignant Melanoma
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-2-5% of skin cancers
-may be any color but most often dark -irregular, spreading -very likely to metastisize, cause death |
