Integument Skin And Its Derivatives

Front 1

extensions of the epidermis into the dermis for anchoring purposes,
the upper projections are the dermal papillae

Back 1

rete pegs

Front 2

cells that are involved in the production of the stratified
squamous keratinized epithelium – found in the stratum corneum

Back 2

keratinocyte

Front 3

bottom layer – single layer of cells - anchored to the basement membrane – generate all of the top layers – cuboidal to columnar – as these cells are producesd, they migrate to the next layer – contains desmosomes too

Back 3

stratum basale

Front 4

meaning this layer replicats very rapidly

Back 4

stratum germinativum

Front 5

anchor the stratum basale cells to the basement membrane

Back 5

hemidesmosome

Front 6

multilayer held together by desmosomes – these make cytokeratins & membrane-coated lamellar granules

Back 6

stratum spinosum

Front 7

all of the cells of the epidermis are anchored to each other by

Back 7

desmosomes

Front 8

microfilaments – intermediate filament

Back 8

cytokeratins

Front 9

– granules important in preventing bacteria
from entering throught the epidermis – also produce a water-tight barrier so
that we do not loose water through the epidermis – decrease permiablity of
epithelium

Back 9

membrane-coated lamellar granules

Front 10

make secratory granules called keratohyaline granules – these granules contain fillaggrin – these cells also contain cytokeratins because the cytokeratin travels up from the stratum spinosum - contain desmosomes

Back 10

stratum granulosum

Front 11

secratory granules of the stratum granulosum that
secrete filaggrin

Back 11

keratohyaline granules

Front 12

material secreted from keratohyaline granules

Back 12

filaggrin

Front 13

thin layer found only in thick skin, clear layer that we cannot see – first layer where cells begin to loose their nuclei & organelles

Back 13

stratum lucidum

Front 14

thick layer – outer layer (surface layer) that protects us from the external environment – cells lose their organelles (including nuclei) in this layer – cells are filled with keratin – closely attached to each other by desmosomes

Back 14

stratum corneum

Front 15

mixture of the fillagrin from the stratum granulosum & the
cytokeratin microfilaments from the stratum spinosum - in the cytoplasm of
stratum corneum cells, process continues until skin is shed.

Back 15

keratin

Front 16

term describing the shedding of the skin – 15-30 day turnover

Back 16

desquamate

Front 17

– make the keratin that migrates from the stratum basale up

Back 17

keratinocytes

Front 18

found in the basal layer – clear staining cell – halo – these cells are the target for malanocyte stimulating hormone – produces melanin then transfer
melanin to the spinosum or neighboring cells in the basale – cells that inheret
the melanin are the ones that are seen as being brown –

Back 18

melanocytes

Front 19

– process of transfer of melanin (which protects us again UV light, and UV light received is a means by which we product Vitamin D) from melanoctye to cell s of basale and cells of spinosum

Back 19

cytocrine secretion

Front 20

primarily in spinosum - involved in sensory detection of pain – associated with nerve ending transfer to the CNS – also found in oral cavity – may also be involved in temperature regulation – needed since epithelium does not have nerve fibers

Back 20

merkel's cell

Front 21

involved in the immune system – mononuclear phagocytic
system, presents antigens to antibody producing cells – macrophages found primarily in the stratum spinosum

Back 21

langerhan's cell

Front 22

CT layer to which the epidermis is anchored – vascular & sensory – divided into 2 layers

Back 22

dermis

Front 23

what 2 layers is the dermis divided into?

Back 23

papillary and reticular

Front 24

loose CT below the epithelium – contains numerous capillaries – this is where the A-V shunt is located in thermoregulation

Back 24

papillary layer

Front 25

– extensions of the dermis into the epidermis for anchoring

Back 25

dermal papillae

Front 26

dense irregular CT layer below the papillary layer

Back 26

reticular layer

Front 27

– not a true part of the skin/integement (superficial fascia) – contains an abundance of adipose tissue

Back 27

hypodermis

Front 28

fatty CT of the hypodermis

Back 28

superficial fascia

Front 29

in the epidermis – involved primarily in pain & maybe temperature regulation

Back 29

free nerve endings

Front 30

in the dermal papillae, which is in papillary layer – stains lightly – light-touch/ fine-touch receptors – these are also found in the oral cavity – has glial cells

Back 30

Meissner's corpuscle

Front 31

– in the reticular layer – involved in deep touch/pressure –
receptor cells in whorlies around the nerve fiber – these are huge – look like an
onion is cross section

Back 31

pacinian corpuscle

Front 32

type of sweat gland not associated with hair – mainly on palms, soles of feet, & forehead

Back 32

eccrine

Front 33

type of sweat gland associated with hair – found in axillary & pubic regions – involved in
farmones of lower forms of animals
larger and more lightly stained in the duct, junction
pink band is combination of basal lamina and myoepithelial cell

Back 33

apocrine

Front 34

nucleus rests inside of the basement membrane of
secretory portions of exocrine sweat glands – helps extend sweat to surface of
body via contraction – flattened nucleus rests on the side – help with contraction
through their cytoplasmic projections

Back 34

myoepithelial cells

Front 35

travels through the dermis to reach the surface – stratified cuboidal epithelium – dark staining

Back 35

excretory ducts

Front 36

highly cellular layer of tissue that surrounds hair, lines root shaft, terminate in hair bulb

Back 36

epidermal root sheath

Front 37

CT tissue layer that surrounds the epidermal root sheath

Back 37

dermal root sheath

Front 38

– in the reticular layer – involved in deep touch/pressure –
receptor cells in whorlies around the nerve fiber – these are huge – look like an
onion is cross section

Back 38

pacinian corpuscle

Front 39

type of sweat gland not associated with hair – mainly on palms, soles of feet, & forehead

Back 39

eccrine

Front 40

type of sweat gland associated with hair – found in axillary & pubic regions – involved in
farmones of lower forms of animals
larger and more lightly stained in the duct, junction
pink band is combination of basal lamina and myoepithelial cell

Back 40

apocrine

Front 41

nucleus rests inside of the basement membrane of
secretory portions of exocrine sweat glands – helps extend sweat to surface of
body via contraction – flattened nucleus rests on the side – help with contraction
through their cytoplasmic projections

Back 41

myoepithelial cells

Front 42

travels through the dermis to reach the surface – stratified cuboidal epithelium – dark staining

Back 42

excretory ducts

Front 43

highly cellular layer of tissue that surrounds hair, lines root shaft, terminate in hair bulb

Back 43

epidermal root sheath

Front 44

CT tissue layer that surrounds the epidermal root sheath

Back 44

dermal root sheath