Integument Histo - Nbde I

Front 1

What are the functions of skin? (5)

Back 1

1. Protection
2. Thermoregulation
3. Reception/Sensation
4. Absorption
5. Immunity

Front 2

What are the layers of skin? (3)

Back 2

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Front 3

In gross anatomy hypodermis goes by what name?

Back 3

Superficial fascia = Hypodermis

Front 4

Hypodermis is composed of what type of CT?

Back 4

Loose (areolar) CT

Front 5

Hypodermis contains?

Back 5

1. Loose fibrous CT
2. Adipose tissue
3. Lymphatic vessels
4. Blood vessels
5. Sweat glands & hair follicles

Front 6

Dermis is derived from what embryologic tissue?

Back 6

Mesoderm

Front 7

What type of CT is found in dermis?

Back 7

Dense irregular collagenous CT

Front 8

Raised ridges of CT in dermis are called?

Back 8

Dermal ridges or papillae

Front 9

What makes up rete apparatus?

Back 9

-Epidermal ridges
-Dermal ridges (papillae)

Front 10

What layer of skin makes up most of dry weight & gives it strength, form & flexibility?

Back 10

Dermis

Front 11

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Back 11

1. Reticular layer
2. Papillary layer

Front 12

What kind of CT is found w/ in the reticular layer?

Back 12

Dense irregular CT

Front 13

What kind of CT is found w/ in the papillary layer?

Back 13

Loose areolar CT

Front 14

Meisner's corpuscles are found in which layer of skin?

Back 14

Papillary layer of dermis
Meisner's corpuscles- respond to touch stimulus

Front 15

What is the function of pacinian corpuscles?

Back 15

Mechanoreceptors- detect pressure & vibrations

Front 16

Meisner's corpuscles are most abundant where?

Back 16

Feet, fingers, lips

Front 17

Funtion of Meisner's corpuscles?

Back 17

Detect light touch

Front 18

Epidermis is derived from which embryonic tissue?

Back 18

Ectoderm

Front 19

Epidermis contains what type of epitheilum?

Back 19

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Front 20

What is the function of epidermal ridges?

Back 20

Fingerprints/toeprints --> Increase grip by increasing friction

Front 21

What types of cells are found in the epidermis? (4)

Back 21

1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Langerhans cells
4. Merkel cells

Front 22

Function of keratinocytes?

Back 22

Produce keratin-- waterproof skin & protect underlying tissues

Front 23

FUnction of melanocytes?

Back 23

Produce melanin that protects keratocytes from UV damage
-Responsible for skin color

Front 24

Langerhans cells function?

Back 24

Macrophages of skin
-Migrate from bone marrow to aid helper T cells in immunity

Front 25

What is the function of Merkel cells?

Back 25

Sensory cells in deepest layer of epidermis
-Slow adapting touch

Front 26

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Back 26

1. Stratum basale (germinativum)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

Front 27

What cells are located in the stratum basale (germinativum)? (3)

Back 27

1. Stem cells
2. Melanocytes
3. Merkel cells

Front 28

In stratum basale, what attaches adjacent cells laterally?

Back 28

Desmosomes

Front 29

In stratum basale, what attaches cells to basal lamina?

Back 29

Hemidesmosomes

Front 30

Melanin is made from which enzyme?

Back 30

Tyrosine --> Melanin by Tyrosinase

Front 31

Melanocytes are derived from which embroyonic tissue?

Back 31

Neural crest

Front 32

What attaches cells to each other in stratum spinosum?

Back 32

Desmosomes

Front 33

WHich layer contains basophilic staining granules called keratohyalin?

Back 33

Stratum granulosum

Front 34

What is keratinization?

Back 34

Process of converting granular cells --> cornified cells

Front 35

Keratin found in stratum lucidum is called?

Back 35

Soft keratin
(hard keratin = hair & nails)

Front 36

Keratinization process takes how long to complete?

Back 36

2-4 weeks

Front 37

In which layer do cells organelles deteriorate?

Back 37

Stratum granulosum

Front 38

Differences between thin & thick skin? (2)

Back 38

1. THIN = hair, arrector pili, sebceous glands
2. THICK = stratum lucidum

Front 39

Skin color is due to combination of which pigments? (3)

Back 39

1. Melanin
2. Carotene
3. Hemoglobin

Front 40

Skin appendages such as hair, glands & nails are derived from?

Back 40

Down growth of epidermal epithelium = Ectoderm

Front 41

Which type of sudoriferous (sweat) glands are more common?

Back 41

Eccrine sweat glands = more common

Front 42

Where are numerous amounts of eccrine sweat glands located?

Back 42

Palms & soles

Front 43

Which types of sweat glands are found in the axillary, pubic & areolar region?

Back 43

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 44

Which sweat glands have a more viscous secretion?

Back 44

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 45

Which sweat glands are stimulated during stress & sexual excitement?

Back 45

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 46

Sweat glands have innervation from?

Back 46

Sympathetics & cholinergic

Front 47

What type of epithelium lines duct of sweat gland?

Back 47

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Front 48

Holocrine secretion refers to secretion of?

Back 48

Sebum

Front 49

What are the functions of sebum?

Back 49

-Keep hair from drying out
-Prevent evaporation of water
-Keep skin soft & pliable
-INhit bacteria

Front 50

What are the 2 types of hair?

Back 50

1. Vellus- fine hair on women & children
2. Terminal- darker, coarser hair

Front 51

What are the 3 anatomy parts of hair?

Back 51

1. Shaft
2. Root
3. Follicle

Front 52

Part that generates hair growth?

Back 52

Hair follicle

Front 53

Part of hair extending beneath the surface into dermis?

Back 53

Root of hair

Front 54

Part of hair above the surface of the skin?

Back 54

Hair shaft

Front 55

What are the 3 layers of the hair shaft?

Back 55

1. Medulla- Inner, soft keratin
2. Cortex- middle, hard keratin
3. Cuticle- outer, protective

Front 56

What are the 3 parts of the hair root?

Back 56

1. Hair
2. Internal root sheath
3. External root sheath

Front 57

Outermost part of hair follicle (external root sheath) has all layers of epidermis EXCEPT?

Back 57

stratum basale

Front 58

What is the smooth muscle from top of dermis to side of hair follicle called?

Back 58

Arrector pili muscle --> goosebumps

Front 59

Glands originate from?

Back 59

Epithelial cells (ectoderm)

Front 60

What are merocrine glands?

Back 60

Secretion is a fluid product that is released through cell membrane

Front 61

Examples of merocrine glands are? (3)

Back 61

1. Salivary glands
2. Pancreatic glands
3. Certain sweat glands

Front 62

Myoepithelial cells originate from?

Back 62

Epithelial cells

Front 63

Function of myoepithelial cells?

Back 63

Sit in basal lamina & wrap around secretory unit & some ducts
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