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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From superficial to deep, what are the three major layers of skin?
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Epidermis
Dermis Hypodermis |
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Histologically, what type of tissue makes up the epidermis?
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Squamous epithelial
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The dermis is made up of areolar and hyaline tissue. True/False
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False. It is composed of areolar and reticular tissue.
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List a layer of tissue that comprises adipose and areolar tissue.
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Hypodermis
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What atype of cells are found in the epidermis?
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These are keratinocytes. They make keratin.
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The function of this substance is to filter or block DNA from harmful UV light. What is it?
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Melanin
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Most melanin is composed of what cell type?
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Keratinocytes
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Where are Merkel cells found?
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Merkel cells are found in the stratum basale. These are superficial touch receptors.
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Where are dendritic or Langherhan's cells found?
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These cells which have an immune function are located in the stratum spinosum.
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This stratum is located just superficial to the statum granulosum. What is it?
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Stratum lucidum
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The topmost layer of the epidermis is the________________.
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Stratum corneum
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What are the two dermal layers?
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Papillary and Reticular layer
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Regarding the dermis, this layer makes up approximately 75-80% of the skin's thickness. Which layer is this?
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Reticular layer
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What type of fibers found in the dermis are responsible for its strength?
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Collagen fibers.
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What is the function of elastic fibers?
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These dermal fibers permit skin to return to its original shape after being stretched.
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The reticular layer of the dermis possesses capillary loops where many nutrients diffuse to support the epidermis. True/False
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False. This would be the Papillary layer.
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Where are Pacinian corpuscles located?
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In the reticular layer of the dermis.
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What is the function of Ruffini's corpuscles?
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To detect pressure and vibration.
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The epidermis has a vast blood supply. True/False
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False. The dermis has the blood supply. The epidermis is avascular.
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What pigment(s) contribute to skin color/
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Melanin and carotene.
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What causes pallor?
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Poor circulation or lack of it. Low hemoglobin may cause pallor as well.
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Eccrine and apocrine glands are what type of glands?
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Sweat glands(sudoriferous)
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Sudoriferous glands are considered merocrine glands. What does this mean?
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The products of these glands enter a duct via exocytosis.
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These sudoriferous glands are found are found in the axillary and anogenital areas of adults. What are these glands called?
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Apocrine
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How might a ceruminous gland be described?
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These apocrine glands produce a waxy substance within the ear canal. It captures dust and other forms of particulate matter.
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Mammary glands are a type of sweat gland. Is this a true statement?
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Yes. Another function is the secretion of milk.
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What do sebaceous glands secrete?
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They secrete an oily substance which is antibacterial onto the skin and hair shafts.
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Where on the palms and soles are sebaceous glands found?
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These glands are not found on the palms and soles.
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The root of hair is anatomically sub-surfaced. True/False
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True.
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What is a hair follicle?
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This is the sheath structure in which the hair is held in place.
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In the hair, its pigment is made by what type of cells?
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Melanocytes.
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What are the arrectoe pili muscles?
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These muscles permit the hair fiber to stand erect.(goose bumps)
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This type of fine hair is likely to be found on a face of a young child. What is it?
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Vellus
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The losing of hair is called_________________.
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Alopecia
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Toenails are made of what type of cells?
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Keratinized cells.
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Is vitamin D made in the dermis?
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Yes. Though not exclusively, it can be made here by blood vessels, if there is sufficient exposure to light.
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What is a basal cell carcinoma?
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It is a form of skin cancer. It is considered the least malignant.
It may result from cell changes within the stratum basale. |
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What is a squamous cell carcinoma>
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This is a highly malignant form of skin cancer.
It may be found on the lip, the ears and the scalp. |
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What is the ABCD(E) rule?
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A-asymmetry
B-borders are irregular C-Color change and variation D-Diameter, over 4 mm E-elevation of the surface |
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What is a first degree burn?
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Only the epidermis has damaged.
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What is a second degree burn?
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The epidermis and the upper regions of the dermis are involved.
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What constitutes a third degree burn?
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The entire spectrum of the skin's thickness with some underlying tissue(but not exclusively) is damaged.
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When is a burn considered critical?
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When over 25% of the body has at least a second degree burn, and at least 10% of the body has suffered a third degree burn.
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What is a general definition regarding the rule of nines?
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This rule applies to areas of the body covered by a burn, dividing the regions each having a defined amount of the total body area.
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What ahppens to elastin fibers as one ages?
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The quantity of dermal elastin diminishes, and these fibers tend to become thicker and less organized.
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If the face, the feet and the hands suffer third degree burns, this is considered a critical burn. True/False
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True.
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