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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the medical term for dependent gravitation of blood?
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-Livor mortis/hypostatic congestion- -dark blue/purple discoloration of dependent skin
-usually noted only in lightly pigmented, hairless skin in swine |
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How is epitheliogenesis imperfecta transmitted?
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It is an inherited disease (familial) autosomal recessive
Do not breed animals with this condition. |
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What disease can you confuse epitheliogenesis imperfecta with?
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mechanobulious disease
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What is the appearance of the gross lesion for epitheliogenesis imperfecta?
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sharply demarcated areas absence "epithelium" & adnexa (hair, glands, hooves/nails)
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What are its possible sequelae for epitheliogenesis imperfecta?
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Large disseminated lesions causing death
Small lesions- healing by scar tissue formation |
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Give two different causes for hypotrichosis
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Decrease amounts of hair
1) Heritable defect 2) congenital hypothyroidism- Iodine deficiency (pigs) |
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What is the gross appearance of hypotrichosis?
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Vibrissae (whiskers) & eyelashes usually present
Sparse or complete absense of hair. |
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What is the expected histologic change of hypotrichosis?
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hypoplastic, decreased numbers or absence of follicles
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How is Ichthyosis transmitted?
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Inherited cutaneous disease
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Give the pathogenesis for Ichthyosis
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failure of dissolution of desmosomes causing retention of keratinized cells.
(In some human forms of disease, deficiency of enzymes are required for dissolution of desmosomes |
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What is its gross appearance of Ichthyosis in calves?
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(fish scales)
1) calves- "Ichthyosis fetalis", severe form, skin consists of thick plate-like plaques seperated by fissures- often death due to septicemia |
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What is its gross appearance of Ichthyosis in dogs?
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Present at birth, flaking of sheets of keratinized epithelium, normally non-fatal
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What is the expected histologic changes for Ichthyosis?
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Very thick, dense stratum corneum
(orthokeratotic) |
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Give 3 other names for cutaneous hyperelasticity
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dermatosparaxia
cutaneous hyperelasticity Ehlers-Danios syndrome |
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How is cutaneous hyperelasticity transmitted?
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Due to autosomal recessive & dominant modes in inheritance
Due to a lack of enzyme APP which causes the failure deamination of terminal lysine residue on procollagen causing defective cross-linkage collagen & weak abnormal collagen |
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What are the gross lesions and clinical signs for cutaneous hyperelasticity?
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Gross- hyperelasticity of skin, skin lacks strength & tears easily
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What is HERDA stand for?
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Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (Quarter horses) (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)
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What is another name for mechanobullous disease?
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epidermolysis bullosa
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What is the basic defect of mechanobullous disease?
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defective development & or deficiency of hemidesmosomes
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Give the pathogenesis of the lesions for mechanobullous disease.
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lesions at birth or perinatally
mild trauma leads to detachment of basal cells from basement membrane- bulla formation- sloughing of skin, foals slough hooves |
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What are the gross lesions for mechanobullous disease?
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Bullae/vesicles or ulcers at trauma sites
Absence of one or more of the hooves |
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Give 4 different endocrine causes/etiology for epidermal atrophy?
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endocrine disorder in dogs.
1) Hyperadrenocorticism- adrenal & pituitary tumors 2) hyperestrogenism- ovarian & sertoli cell tumors 3) growth hormone deficiency 4) hypothyroidism |
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What is the expected histologic appearance of the lesion for epidermal atrophy?
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epidermis would be reduced to 2-3 layers
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Name 5 different diseases that occur due to orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis?
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1) seborrhea- keratinizing defect in cows & horses.
2) endocrine- excess steroid & estrogen, hypothyroidism 3) chronic inflammation/trauma- callus 4) Vit A "responsive" dermatosis 5) Chlorinated naphthalene toxicosis- (rare) cattle |
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What is the expected gross appearance of the lesion for orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis?
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Thick, dry, scaly skin may have alopecia & fissures
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What is the expected histologic appearance of orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis?
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thick stratum corneum
+/- hypergranulosis |
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For zinc deficiency associated lesions for parakeratotic hyperkeratosis,
name 3 different causes. |
1) defective absorption of Zinc (+/-) lethal- artic breeds, calves
2) diets high in phytate (chelate Zn)- dogs & swine 3) RAPID GROWTH IN PUPS |
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Name 3 different "types" of causes for parakeratotic hyperkeratosis:
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defect or rapid turnover of epidermis
chronic inflammatory disease, irritation Hepatocutaneous syndrome Zinc deficiency/ responsive disease |
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What is the expected gross appearance of the lesions for parakeratotic hyperkeratosis?
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Thick, dry, scaly skin +/- fissures, +/- crust
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What is the expected histologic lesion for parakeratotic hyperkeratosis?
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thick stratum corneum w/ retain nuclei & parakaratotic lesions
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Define the lesion for acanthosis.
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Increased thickness of stratum spinosum- epidermal hyperplasia
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Give 2 different causes of acanthosis.
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chronic irritation
inflammation- infectious, autoimmune |
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What is the expected gross appearance for acanthosis.?
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Thick usually dry skin ( + scales, + alopecia)
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What is the main histologic change for acanthosis?
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Marked increase thickness of stratum spinosum (+/- hyperkeratosis, inflammatory cells)
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What is the difference in the pathogenesis of each of the following?
a. Albinism b. Color mutant alopecia c. Vitiligo |
a. Albinism- (acquired congenital deficiency of melanocytes
b. Color mutant alopecia- defective melanocytes (melanin clumped in one area. c. Vitiligo- acquired melanin deficiency |
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What is the characteristic histologic lesion in color mutant / dilution alopecia?
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defective melanocytes, melanin clumped in one area
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Give 4 different causes, including 1 autoimmune for vitiligo?
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destruction of melanocytes
1) inflammatory process 2) radiation- treatment of tumors 3) Burns- branding, "pin firing" (horses) 4) Uveodermatologic syndrome or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome |
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Define pigmentary incontinence
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a histopathological lesion in which melanin granules are free in the dermis and within dermal macrophages; it is associated with damage to the stratum basale and basement membrane of the epidermis.
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Give the pathogenesis of pigmentary incontinence
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patchy leukoderma & if inflammatory +/- dermatitis
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Give 4 different causes for melanosis/hyperpigmentation
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(increased prod. of melanin)
1. chronic inflammation- pruritus (lose melanin) 2. acanthosis nigricans-genodermatologic 3. endocrine- hyperestrogenism, growth hormone defiency 4. congenital- lentigo/freckles |
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What is the difference between vitiligo vs. Albinism?
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Acquired vs. congenital melanin deficiency
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