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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic elements of living things?
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen (O, C, H, N)
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What are the compounds of life?
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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.
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Carbohydrates
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Have sugars and starches
Used as energy Carbon Hydrogen oxygen (1:2:1 ratio) |
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Lipids
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Organic compounds that are waxy and oily
Used to store energy, from biological membranes, and as chemical messengers |
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Proteins
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Contain Nitrogen
Carry out chemical reactions pump small molecules in and out of cells cell movement (cilia and flagella) |
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Nucleic Acids
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Large, complex organic molecules composed of C, H, O, N.
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Organic/Inorganic
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Everything organic HAS to have Carbon in it. CO2 is the only exception.
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Polymers
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A long chain of monomers.
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Enzymes
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Most major type of proteins.
Lower the "start up energy" needed for the reaction to occur. Substrates bind to active sites that are really specific. |
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Catalysts
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Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
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Monomers
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Single parts
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Endothermic
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Absorbs energy
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Exothermic
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Releases energy
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Activation energy
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The amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place
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Griffith
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Injected stuff into mice
He discovered transformation |
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Avery
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He showed that DNA was the transforming agent
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Hershey and Chase
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Confirmed DNA is genetic material
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Chargaff
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T=A and G=C
A and G are Purines T and C are Pyrimidines |
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Watson and Crick
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Discovered the structure of DNA (double helix)
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Franklin
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The person who actually discovered the structure of DNA but since she was a woman, the credit was given to Watson and Crick
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Protein coat
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A coat that surrounds a protein
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Bacteriophage
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A bacteria that infects bacteria
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Chargoff's Rule
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A=T
C=G |
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Nucleotide
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A base + a sugar + a phosphate
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Deoxyribose
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The sugar in DNA
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Phosphate
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Connects the sugars
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Adenine
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The A in DNA sequence
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Cytosine
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The C in DNA sequence
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Guanine
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The G in DNA sequence
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Thymine
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The T in DNA sequence
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Purine
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Adenine and Guanine
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Pyrimidine
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Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
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DNA polymerase
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Uses one new strand of the DNA ads a template to synthesize an new strand of DNA creating complementary bases
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Helicase
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Unzips DNA
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Ligase
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glues the fragments together
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