Institutional Racism

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Dominant group

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a group with power, privileges, and social status.

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Ethnic group

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a group of people who share a common heritage, culture, and/or language; in the U.S., ethnicity often refers to race.

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Ideological racism

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The belief that one race is superior to another biologically, intellectually, culturally, temperamentally, or morally. Such ideologies usually exist to rationalize or justify domination of one race or ethnic group by another and tend to become institutionalized or widely accepted within a culture.

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Individual discrimination

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refers to the behavior of individual members of one race/ethnic/gender group that is intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on the members of another race/ethnic/gender group

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Institutional racism

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concept that racism in not just practiced by specific people but is a phenomenon that is systematic, shapes everyday social relations, and in which the meaning and practice changes over time.

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Institutional discrimination

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The unfair, indirect methods of treatment of individuals that are embedded in the operating procedures, policies, laws or objectives of large organizations.

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Majority group

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is the social group considered to have the most power in a particular place (and sometimes the most members).

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Minority group

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refers to a category of people who experience relative disadvantage as compared to members of a dominant social group

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Prejudice

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preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

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Race

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refers to groups of people who have differences and similarities in biological traits deemed by society to be socially significant, meaning that people treat other people differently because of them.

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Racial group

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grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society. .

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Racism

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Any attitude, belief, behavior, or institutional arrangement that favors one race or ethnic group (usually a majority group) over another (usually a minority group

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Racist ideology

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The belief that one race is superior to another biologically, intellectually, culturally, temperamentally, or morally. Such ideologies usually exist to rationalize or justify domination of one race or ethnic group by another and tend to become institutionalized or widely accepted within a culture

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Social institutions

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well established structures such as the family the state the educational system the economic system and religion which perform basic functions in our society play a critical role in the creation and perception of racial inequality.

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Subordinate group

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also called the minority or marginalized group because they have less power or control than the dominant group even if the dominant group is not the majority of the population.

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Antisemitism

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hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

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Authoritarian

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favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.

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Displaced aggresssion

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can occur when someone cannot aggress towards the source of incitement or provocation, so instead takes it out on something else and behaves aggressively towards another individual that had nothing to do with the initial conflict.

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Ethnocentrism

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evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

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Ingroup

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an exclusive, typically small, group of people with a shared interest or identity.

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Outgroup

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those people who do not belong to a specific in-group

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Projection

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involves projecting undesirable feelings or emotions onto someone else, rather than admitting to or dealing with the unwanted feelings.

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Scapegoating

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serves as an opportunity to explain failure or misdeeds, while maintaining one's positive self-image.

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Stereotype

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widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

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Social learning theory

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Albert Bandura, posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

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Socioeconomic status

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an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

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Symbolic interaction

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the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values.

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Contact hypothesis

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In psychology and other social sciences, suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members.

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Social distance

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the perceived or desired degree of remoteness between a member of one social group and the members of another, as evidenced in the level of intimacy tolerated between them.

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Modern racism fix

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Modern racism has evolved from an aggressive prejudicial behavior to a more subtle prejudicial behavior. This type of subtle prejudicial behavior has advanced to a degree that is much more difficult to see, yet is regarded as more severe. This modern form of racism has entered the workplace. Although many companies promise an equal opportunity, there is little doubt that everyone is treated equally within their place of work.

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Persuasive communication

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any message that is intended to shape, reinforce, or change the responses. of another or others.1 Such responses are modified by symbolic transactions (messages) which are some- times, but not always, linked with coercive force (indirectly coercive) and which appeal to the reason and.

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Symbolic racism

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is a coherent belief system that reflects an underlying unidimensional prejudice towards any ethnicity

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Intergroup education

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something that deals with two or more collections of different people. In education it would be the mixing of black and white students

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Assimilation

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a gradual process by which a person or group belonging to one culture adopts the practices of another, thereby becoming a member of that culture.

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Conflict perspective

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See society ad dominated by a powerful elite which most of the wealth and powet to the disadvantaged of other, less powerful members of the society

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Ethnic stratification

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systems of inequality in which some fixed groups membership, such as race, religion, or national origin is a major criterion for ranking social positions and their differential rewards.

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False conscious

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way of thinking that prevents a person from perceiving the true nature of their social or economic situation.

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Functionalist perspective

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society is a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole.

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Macro-sociolgical

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Looks at the large scale social process such as social stability and change

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Perspective

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particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.

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Socio-structural perspective

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approach to the study of majority-minority relations that emphasizes the characteristics of collectives of people rather than the characteristics of individuals. Issues of interest concern how a group or society is organized, it's base of economic productivity, it's power structure, it's social institutions, and it's culture

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Theory

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supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.

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Values

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the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.

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Achieved status

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denoting a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen

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Annexation

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the action of obtaining something, especially territory.

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Ascribed status

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A social position received at birth or invoulentart taken on later in life (ie gender age

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Caste systems

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-two or more ridgly defined and unequal groups in which membership is passes from generation to generation

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Fluid competitive relations

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pattern of race relations described as a class system with racial inequalities remaining from a past racial caste system. There is little official segregation but often much de facto segregation. Minority groups have middle classes but are disproportionately poor. Racial conflict is present but usually kept to a controlled level.

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Segregation

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the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.

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Immigration

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the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

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Paternalistic race relations

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where ones race deterines ones status for their kives as well as their childrens .

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Antebellum

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occurring or existing before a particular war, especially the American Civil War.

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Colonialism

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the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

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Jim crow

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the former practice of segregating black people in the US. It was also a way of using black face to show black ppl in a terrible way of living

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Mulatto

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a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent.

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One drop rule

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It asserted that any person with even one ancestor of sub-Saharan African ancestry is considered black

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Reconstruction era

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Confederate secession and ended slavery, making the newly-free slaves citizens with civil rights ostensibly guaranteed by three new Constitutional amendments.

This era also cane with segregation, the rebuilding of the country after the war ,and the idea of full rights for blacks.

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Emmett till

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was a young African-American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955 at the age of 14, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store.His assailants—the white woman’s husband and her brother—made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton-gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head and then threw his body, tied to the cotton-gin fan with barbed wire, into the river.

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Solomon northrup

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was an American abolitionist and the primary author of the memoir Twelve Years a Slave. A free-born African American from New York, he was the son of a freed slave and a free woman of color. A farmer and a professional violinist, Northup had been a landowner in Hebron, New York but later moved to sartoga

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Eliza

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was an enslaved woman that was raped by her master that later died and she was sold to the slave trade , where her daughter was sold separately because she was light skinned.

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Patsy

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The woman of master epps affection , and the person on mistress epps death list

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Master ford

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First slave owner nothrup was sent to , he was not too bad he taught the slaves of christianity ( white christianity and how blacks should obey) however he sent northrup away to save him from the land watcher killing

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Master epps

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White slave owner that is sleeping with qnd in love with patsy but because of the race divide he whips and mistreats her

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Mistress shaw

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Dating master shaw , and occasionally invites patsy over to have tea on her days off

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Master bass

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Indentures servant, who worked for master epps , who helps salomon gain his freedom hes from Canada

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Brown and parker

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Told salomon that they were taking him to Washington to work but , instead drugged him and sent him into the slave trade

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Mr chapin

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The house security for fords house , be saved salmon from getting killed by tebilt ,because he knew the master would not want that

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Whippings

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Beatings

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Unequal legal sentencing

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The the act of giving a person with a darker skin tone a harder sentence than a white person

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Peter wood

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We could never deal with slavery im America if we dont talk about it

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Black lives matter

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A term of justice

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Cognitive dissonce theory

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We want to believe that our behavior is consistant with our attitude

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Rigid competitive relations

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pattern of race relations resembling an unstable caste system. Race largely defines roles and statuses; division of labor is more complex than in others, with majority and minority workers sometimes competing because they do similar work, usually at different wages. Strict segregation usually accompanies this pattern as a way the majority group protects its threatened social status, the potential for major conflict is always present. Mostly found in newly industrializing cities.

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Class system

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inequality but at leasst ones status is not defined by birth

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The atlantoc slave trade

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African were stolen from their homes and sold by west africans to the europeans who brought them to america . The americans were dependent on the free labor to make mass production of things

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Dutch west indies trading company

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Founded in 1621 mainly to carry on economic warfare against Spain and Portugal by striking at their colonies in the West Indiesand South America and on the west coast of Africa.

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African labor

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Cheap labor, not important on the basis of therir life but on the basis that they are valuable for work

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African woman

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Were used so there was no interacial relationships between the blackas and whites

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Indentured slaves

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were men and women who signed a contract (also known as an indenture or a covenant) by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelte

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Half free

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In the 1640s, a group of enslaved Africans petitioned the Dutch West India Company for their freedom. ... Freed slaves received land grants ranging from two to eighteen acres; those who had served as soldiers in New Amsterdam's

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Stono rebellion

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was a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 25 white people and 35 to 50 black people killed

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Little rock nine

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The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They then attended after the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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Little rock

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before school opened governor faubus made a descion to keep segregation in school toget the vote of the south . He had cops to stop black kids from going in

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James merdith

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Filed suit to go to university of Mississippi. after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi.[2] His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans.Meredith planned a solo 220-mile March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi;

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Governers

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Govern of missippi ,virgina Arkansas, refused to intergreat black children into the white schools

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President

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President , john f Kennedy, Eisenhower were up for the fight and helped how they could . Eisenhower brought in troops so the kids could go to sleep . Kennedy was reluctant to get involved in the merdith case because he wanted a second term

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State vs federal

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the states did not believ they were subjected to intergreat just because the federal government said so .

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Individual racism

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Belief that one's own race is superior to another (racial prejudice) and exhibits behaviors that suppress the inferior race (racial discrimination

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Freedman act

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order to aid former slaves through food and housing, oversight, education, health care, and employment contracts with private landowners.

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Freedmans bureau

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Federal agency preceeds had responsibility to make sure slaves got their lands

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Constitutional amendment

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13 and 14 th

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14th amendment

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Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil Warissues

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15th

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Prohibits the denial of the right to votebased on race, color or previous condition of servitude

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13th

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Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

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Types of slave

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House slave , field slaves

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Congress

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Moved black ppl in congress

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Work discrimination

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Made it hard for mexican,blacks ,natives to get worl

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European workforce/immigration

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Brought over Italians, scots ,germans

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What happened during the reconstruction era

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Houses for blacks were built

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Second migration

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1937-1960 black left the south

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Modern racism

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Eiminate

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The hidden curriculum helping one gtoup more than another because they are not the same as you

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Conflict theory

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Theory states that all ethnic minorities should simply work hard if they wNt to get ahead

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Marxist theory

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Inequality is based on class urges working class to focous on class not and not race and therefore work together on their common class interests

Ex :the one who owns the meams of production is in a higher position

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Split labor market

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Race and class as cause for inequality

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Classes according to split mark

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Owners of means of production

Higher paid labors

Lower paid labors

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Internal colonialism

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Inequality based upon race and ethnicity in a system established by the dominant group(whites and slavery)

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Competitive race relations

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Rigid competitive relations fluid competitive race relations

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Native Americans

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Competitive for land (land rights )

Limited right and unequal power

Reservations and broken treaties

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Mexican

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Competitive for land

Limited rights and unequal power

Forced cheap labor and deportation