Inside Reading 2..(1-1

Front 1

assume

Back 1

to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof

Front 2

create

Back 2

1 to make something exist that did not exist before

Front 3

emerge

Back 3

to appear or come out from somewhere

Front 4

environment

Back 4

The company had failed to provide a safe environment for its workers.

Front 5

ethnic

Back 5

relating to a particular race, nation, or tribe and their customs and traditions

Front 6

immigrate

Back 6

to come into a country in order to live there permanently → emigrate, migrate

Front 7

liberal

Back 7

willing to understand and respect other people’s ideas, opinions, and feelings

Front 8

locate

Back 8

be located in/near etc something

Front 9

notwithstanding

Back 9

Notwithstanding differences, there are clear similarities in all of the world’s religions.

Front 10

predict

Back 10

to say that something will happen, before it happens → prediction

Front 11

similar

Back 11

We have similar tastes in music.

Front 12

structure

Back 12

the social structure of organizations

Front 13

technique

Back 13

a special way of doing something → method

Front 14

unique

Back 14

This is a unique opportunity to study these rare creatures.

Front 15

opal

Back 15

a type of white stone with changing colours in it, often used in jewellery

Front 16

return

Back 16

It was forty five minutes before she returned.

Front 17

residence

Back 17

formal a house, especially a large or official one

Front 18

settlement

Back 18

an official agreement or decision that ends an argument, a court case, or a fight, or the action of making an agreement

Front 19

rough

Back 19

having an uneven surface OPP smooth

Front 20

edge

Back 20

the part of an object that is furthest from its centre

Front 21

community

Back 21

the people who live in the same area, town etc

Front 22

globe

Back 22

Image of globea round object with a map of the Earth drawn on it

Front 23

pole

Back 23

the most northern or most southern point on a planet, especially the Earth

Front 24

harmony

Back 24

notes of music combined together in a pleasant way in harmony

Front 25

directly

Back 25

The new property tax law won’t directly affect us

Front 26

permit

Back 26

to allow something to happen, especially by an official decision, rule, or law

Front 27

mining

Back 27

the work or industry of getting gold, coal etc out of the earth

Front 28

sold

Back 28

the past tense and past participle of sell

Front 29

rugged

Back 29

land that is rugged is rough and uneven

Front 30

truck

Back 30

large road vehicle used to carry goods

Front 31

explosive

Back 31

able or likely to explode

Front 32

clatter

Back 32

if heavy hard objects clatter, or if you clatter them, they make a loud unpleasant noise

Front 33

charm

Back 33

افسون

a special quality someone or something has that makes people like them, feel attracted to them, or be easily influenced by them – used to show approval → charmin

Front 34

claim

Back 34

to state that something is true, even though it has not been proved

Front 35

scary

Back 35

a scary moment

Hint 35

v

Front 36

scenery

Back 36

the natural features of a particular part of a country that you can see, such as mountains, forests, deserts etc

Front 37

flourish

Back 37

to develop well and be successful

Front 38

formerly

Back 38

in earlier times SYN previously

Front 39

dirt track

Back 39

a road or path made of hard earth

Front 40

backward

Back 40

looking or facing in the direction that is behind you

Front 41

back‧ward

Back 41

looking or facing in the direction that is behind you

Front 42

politely

Back 42

موبانه

Front 43

occasional

Back 43

happening sometimes but not often or regularly

Front 44

attitude

Back 44

the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour

Front 45

moonscape

Back 45

an area of land with no plants that looks like the surface of the Moon

Front 46

fencing

Back 46

the sport of fighting with a long thin sword

Front 47

rescue squad

Back 47

تیم امداد و نجات

Front 48

shaft

Back 48

محور

Front 49

carelessly

Back 49

بدون توجه

Front 50

dugout

Back 50

کلنگ زنی

Front 51

digger

Back 51

Image of diggera large machine that digs and moves earth

Front 52

exposed

Back 52

All exposed skin should be covered with protective cream.

Front 53

soil

Back 53

the top layer of the earth in which plants grow SYN earth

Front 54

sandstone

Back 54

a type of soft yellow or red rock, often used in buildings

Front 55

blasted

Back 55

used to express annoyance

Front 56

hillside

Back 56

دامنه تپه

Front 57

drill

Back 57

a tool or machine used for making holes in something

Front 58

meant

Back 58

the past tense and past participle of mean

منظور

Front 59

dig

Back 59

to move earth, snow etc, or to make a hole in the ground, using a spade or your hands

Front 60

essentially

Back 60

used when stating the most basic facts about something SYN basically

Front 61

artificial

Back 61

not real or not made of natural things but made to be like something that is real or natural SYN false OPP natural

Front 62

cave

Back 62

large natural hole in the side of a cliff or hill, or under the ground → caving

Front 63

primitive

Back 63

belonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines OPP advanced, modern

Front 64

needless

Back 64

needless troubles, suffering, loss etc are unnecessary because they could easily have been avoided

Front 65

wiring

Back 65

the network of wires that form the electrical system in a building, vehicle, or piece of equipment

Front 66

groove

Back 66

a thin line cut into a hard surface

Front 67

comfort

Back 67

a feeling of being physically relaxed and satisfied, so that nothing is hurting you, making you feel too hot or cold etc → comfortable, discomfort

Front 68

sprawl

Back 68

if buildings sprawl, they spread out over a wide area in an untidy and unattractive way

Front 69

sprawl

Back 69

if buildings sprawl, they spread out over a wide area in an untidy and unattractive way

Front 70

distance

Back 70

فاصله

Front 71

seek

Back 71

جستجو کردن

Front 72

paved

Back 72

سنگفرش شده

to cover a path, road, area etc with a hard level surface such as blocks of stone or concrete

Front 73

laid

Back 73

the past tense and past participle of lay

Front 74

homeowner

Back 74

someone who owns their home

Front 75

faraway

Back 75

long distance away SYN distant

Front 76

illustrate

Back 76

o make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples

Front 77

advantage

Back 77

something that helps you to be more successful than others, or the state of having this OPP disadvantage

Front 78

refuge

Back 78

shelter or protection from someone or something

Front 79

custom

Back 79

something that is done by people in a particular society because it is traditional → tradition

Front 80

relatively

Back 80

The system is relatively easy to use

Front 81

relatively

Back 81

به طور نسبی

Front 82

mild

Back 82

خفیف

Front 83

nonetheless

Back 83

با این وجود

Front 84

honey -colored

Back 84

عسلی رنگ

Front 85

appliance

Back 85

a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, such as a cooker or washing machine, used in people’s homes