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78 Cards in this Set
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-mouthparts = chelicerae -antennae absent -usually 6 pairs of appendages: chelicerae pedipalps (sometimes bases form jaws) 4 pairs of legs other extant classes not covered: Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) & Pycnogonida (seaspiders) |
Subphylum Chelicerata |
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Inludes Amblypygi, Uropygi, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Schizomida, Araneae, Opiliones, Acari, Solifugae, and others |
Subphylum Chelicerata or Class Arachnida |
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pedipalps long and forming pincers; called chelae -abdomen (opisthosoma) broadly joined to prosoma (orcephalothorax), ventrally with sensory comb-like organs(pectines) -opisthosoma posteriorly narrowed into robust cylindricaltail-like structure (telson) with sting (aculeus) |
Scorpiones, scorpions |
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-similar to Scorpiones, but tail (or flagellum) filiform, sting absent -pedipalps robust, with short chelae -1st pair of legs not used for walking, used as sensory organs -spray acetic acid when disturbed |
Uropygi, whip scorpions or vinegaroons |
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-similar to Uropygi, but tail absent -body usually dorsoventrally flattened (pancake) -pedipalps large, spiny, raptorial, not used for walking -1st pair of legs long, whip-like, not used for walking, used assensory organs |
Order Amblypygi, tailless whip scorpions |
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-pedipalps long, chelate like Scorpiones -opisthosoma (hind segment) without telson (tail) or flagellum -body usually dorsoventrally (pancake) flattened -no patellar (knee cap) segment on leg -small, usually under 5 mm |
Order Pseudoscorpiones, pseudoscorpions |
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-eyes absent -pedipalps with short chelae -1st pair of legs not used for walking, used as sensory organs -opisthosoma forming a short flagellum -4th pair of legs modified for jumping |
Order Schizomida, short-tailed whip scorpions |
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-4 pairs of walking legs -pedipalps neither enlarged, nor chelate -opisthosoma attached to prosoma (cephalothorax) vianarrow pedicel -eyes paired, 0–8, usually with 4, 6, or 8 |
Order Araneae, spiders |
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-body small and ovoid with 2 eyes -prosoma (cephalothorax) and opisthosoma broadly joined -legs usually long, may be short or thick |
Order Opiliones, harvestmen or daddy longlegs |
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-chelicerae and pedipalps form compact structureat front of head called capitulum or gnathosoma -prosoma and opisthosoma broadly joined -instars with 3 pairs of legs, adults with 4 |
Order Acari, ticks and mites |
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-large, chelate chelicerae -pedipalps and usually 1st pair of legs not used for walking, used as sensory organs -opisthosoma without telson or flagellum |
Order Solifugae, sun spiders and windscorpions |
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Hooded tickspiders |
Order Ricinulei |
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Microscorpions or microwhip scorpions |
Order Palpigradi |
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-highly variable body and leg form -many biramous (2-branched) appendages -many with 2nd pair of antennae (antennules) -mouthparts mandibulate |
Subphylum Crustacea |
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-bivalved carapace -appendages shortened -Look like cyclopes |
Class Ostracoda, seed shrimp |
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-cephalothoracic legs often chelate at tips -abdomen with swimmerets (swimming appendages) |
Class Malostraca |
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-no carapace -usually laterally compressed -usually 6 or 7 pairs of thoracic legs -abdomen often reduced |
Order Amphipoda, amphipods or scuds |
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-no carapace -usually dorsoventrally flattened -7 pairs of thoracic legs -abdomen often reduced -no 2nd pair of antennae |
Order Isopoda, pillbugs or sowbugs |
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-carapace covering thorax -5 pairs of thoracic legs, 1st pair often clawed -abdomen reduced sometimes -often very delicious (like this will help) |
Order Decapoda, crabs, crayfish, lobsters, and shrimp |
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-single pair of antennae -appendages usually uniramous (1-branched) |
Subphylum Myriapoda |
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-usually dorsoventrally flattened -most segments with 1 pair of legs -antennae longer, with 14+ segments -mandibles (or forcipules) prominent -usually 15+ pairs of legs |
Class Chilopoda, centipedes |
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-most segments with 2 pairs of legs -antennae short, usually 7-segmented -usually 30+ pairs of legs |
Class Diplopoda, millipedes |
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-body small and translucent -most segments with 1 pair of legs -antennae with many segments -usually 10–12 pairs of legs |
Class Symphala, symphylans or garden centipedes |
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-antennae absent, use 1st pair of legs -eyes absent but have "pseudoculus" -mouthparts not obvious -body elongate -legs short -wingless |
Class Protura, coneheads or proturans |
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-two prominent cerci at abdominal apex -compound eyes absent -antennae present -body elongate -wingless -tarsi 1-segmented |
Class Diplura, two pronged bristletails or diplurans |
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-cerci long, filiform |
Order Dicellurata, Family Campodeidae |
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-cerci forceps-like |
Order Rhabdura, Family Japygidae, forcepstails |
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-wingless -abdomen with 6 or fewer segments -forked abdominal structure (furculum) folded under abdomen -mouthparts not obvious |
Class Collembola, Springtails |
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-body elongate, abdominal segmentation distinct -prothorax distinct |
Order Poduromorpha |
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-body elongate, abdominal segmentation distinct -prothorax hidden |
Order Entomobryomorpha, elongate-bodied springtails |
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-body globular, abdominal segmentation indistinct -antennae shorter than head |
Order Neelipleona |
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-body globular, abdominal segmentation indistinct -antennae as long as or longer than head |
Order Symphypleona, globular springtails |
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-body somewhat humpbacked -eyes large, meeting dorsally -three posterior appendages |
Order Microcoryphia, bristletails |
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Only family of Microcoryphia/bristetails you need to know |
Family Machilidae, jumping bristeltails |
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-body somewhat flattened -eyes small, widely separated -three posterior appendages |
Order Zygentoma, silverfish |
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The only family of Zygentoma/silverfish you need to know
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Family Lepismatidae |
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-forewings large and hindwings much smaller (rarely absent) -wings held together vertically over abdomen -only order where a functionally winged form molts (subimago) -naiads (aquatic nymphs) with lateral gills and usually 3 (rarely 2)cerci |
Order Ephemeroptera, Mayflies |
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-hind tarsi 3 or 4-segmented -cubital intercalaries in FW not in 2 parallel pairs -M2 of FW is sharply angled towards Cu at base |
Family Ephemeridae, common burrowing mayflies |
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-hind tarsi 4-segmented -cubital intercalaries in FW not in 2 parallel pairs -M2 of forewing is not sharply angled towards Cu at base -Usually really small compared to other families |
Family Baetidae, small minnow mayflies |
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-hind tarsi 5-segmented -cubital intercalaries in FW in 2 parallel pairs -M2 of FW not sharply angled towards Cu at base |
Family Heptageniidae, stream or flatheaded mayflies |
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-naiads (aquatic nymphs) -adults typically found near water |
Order Odonata, dragonflies and damselflies |
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-hindwing broader at base than forewing |
Suborder Anisoptera, dragonflies |
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-compound eyes not meeting dorsally -terminal segments of abdomen sometimesexpanded -triangles in forewing and hindwing similar inshape and location |
Family Gomphidae, clubtails |
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-compound eyes meeting dorsally -usually large body size -ovipositor well developed -triangles in forewing and hindwing similar in shape and location |
Family Aeshnidae, darners |
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-compound eyes meeting dorsally -ovipositor lacking -triangles in forewing and hindwing different inshape |
Family Libellulidae, comon skimmers |
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-hindwing and forewing similar in size/shape |
Suborder Zygoptera, damselflies |
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-wings gradually narrowing at base |
Family Calopterygidae, broad-winged damselflies |
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-wings stalked at base -M3 splits off closer to nodus |
Family Coenagrionidae, narrow-winged damselflies |
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-wings stalked at base -M3 splits off closer to arculus |
Family Lestidae, spread-winged damselflies |
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-hind legs modified for jumping -possess hardened leathery forewings (=tegmen, pl. tegmina) (not unique to Orthoptera) -cerci unsegmented -pronotum with large descending lateral lobes -meta- (hind) tibiae with two rows of dorsal teeth |
Order Orthoptera, katydids, grasshoppers, and crickets |
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-antennae relatively short, having fewer than 30 segments, usually shorter than body -ovipositor short -tympana usually present on sides of first abdominal segment -tarsi with 3 or fewer segments |
Suborder Caelifera, grasshoppers |
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-small, less than 10 mm long -front tibiae enlarged for digging -front and middle tarsi 2-segmented -hind tarsi 1-segmented or absent -usually with dark and pale striped pattern |
Family Tridactylidae, pygmy mole crickets |
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-pronotum extended and narrowed posteriorly overabdomen to a point -hind tarsi 3-segmented; other tarsi 2-segmented -tegmina relatively short, often shorter thanpronotum |
Family Tetrigidae, pygmy crickets |
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-pronotum not extended back overabdomen -all tarsi 3-segmented -wings usually well-developed butsometimes brachypterous (underdeveloped) -last outer immovable spine (not spur) located some distance from apex of meta- (hind) tibiae |
Family Acrididae, short horned grasshoppers |
Last spine some distance from tarsi |
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-pronotum not extended back over abdomen -all tarsi 3-segmented -wings well-developed orbrachypterous -last outer immovable spine(not spur) located at apex ofmeta- (hind) tibiae |
Family Romaleidae, lubber grasshoppers |
Last spine close to tarsi |
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-antennae very long, filiform, with more than 30 segments, often longer than body (except Gryllotalpidae) -ovipositor long, slender, sword-, needle-, or saw-like -tympana usually on front tibiae -tarsi with 3-4 segments |
Suborder Encifera, katydids and crickets |
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-all tarsi 4-segmented -ovipositor sword-shaped, usually curved -auditory organs on front tibiae -some large, mimicking leaves (but many exceptions, some apterous) |
Family Tettigoniidae, long-horned grasshoppers or katydids |
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-similar to Tettigoniidae, but usually tympana missing -often wingless as adults -usually humpbacked in appearance |
Family Raphidophoridae, cave crickets or camel crickets |
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-tarsi 3-segmented -wings usually flattened on back -ovipositor cylindrical, long, needle-like -often with long, conspicuous cerci |
Family Gryllidae, crickets |
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-forelegs fossorial (= much dilated and modified fordigging) -hind legs not modified for jumping -tarsi 3-segmented |
Family Gryllotalpidae, cave crickets |
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-body, antennae, and legsusually large and slender -often wingless -meso- and metathorax elongaterelative to prothorax -cerci 1-segmented |
Order Phastmatodea, walkingsticks and leaf insects |
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Only order in Phasmatodea that you need to know |
Diapheromeridae, walkingsticks |
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-usually large and slender -prothorax and procoxae greatly lengthened -forelegs raptorial, modified for grasping -tarsi 5-segmented -antennae small |
Order Mantodea, mantids |
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The only family in Mantodea that you need to know |
Family Mantidae, mantids |
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-legs not modified for jumping -pronotum flat, shield-like -body form flattened |
Order Blattodea, roaches and termites |
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-relatively large, usually greaterthan 18 mm -female subgenital plate dividedlongitudinally -male styli similar: slender, straight,elongate |
Family Blattidae, blattids |
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-relatively small, usually less than 18mm -female subgenital plate not divided -male styli usually small,asymmetrical |
Family Ectobiidae, wood roaches |
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-fontanelle (frontal gland pore) usually present -wings with 2 heavy veins anteriorly |
Family Rhinotermitidae, subterranean termites |
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-fontanelle (frontal gland pore) usually absent -wings with 3 or more heavy veins anteriorly |
Family Kalotermitidae, drywood and dampwood termites |
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-fore wings elongate, hind wings fan-like -cerci prominent |
Order Plecoptera, stoneflies |
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-basal tarsal segment much shorter than apical segment -2nd tarsal segment equal to or larger than basal tarsalsegment -cerci longer than pronotal width -paraglossae directed inward -gill remnants present on thorax behind leg bases -cubital cross veins present, numerous |
Family Perlidae, common stoneflies |
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-basal tarsal segment much shorter than apical segment -2nd tarsal segment equal to or larger than basal tarsal segment -cerci longer than pronotum width -labium with glossae much shorter than paraglossae(Systellognatha) -paraglossae directed forward -gill remnants usually absent -cubital cross veins present, numerous -pronotum rectangular: corners acute or onlynarrowly rounded |
Family Perlodidae, perlodids |
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-basal tarsal segment equal to or longer than apicalsegment -2nd tarsal segment small, not equal to basal segment -cerci at least 4-segmented -cubital cross veins present, but few in number |
Family Capniidae, small winter stoneflies |
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-basal tarsal segment equal to or longer thanapical segment -2nd tarsal segment small, not equal to basalsegment -cerci very short, 1-segmented -anteroapical forewing veins forming an X pattern -cubital cross veins present, numerous |
Family Nemouridae, spring stoneflies |
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-cerci modified into forceps-like pincers -fore wings staphylinoid (=short, leathery, and veinless) |
Order Dermaptera, Earwigs |
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-second tarsal segment cylindrical |
Family Spongiphoridae, little earwigs |
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-second tarsal segment lobed beneath |
Family Forficulidae, european and spine-tailed earwigs |
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-hind wings smaller than fore wings -wing venation reduced -short cerci and legs -gregarious, termite-like, but differ with 2segmented tarsi (4 in termites) and 9 segmented antennae (10-32 in termites) |
Order Zoraptera, Family Zorotypidae, zorapterans or angel insects |
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