Ins Dictionary A

Front 1

ABA Design

Back 1

An experimental design to assess intervention effects in individual subjects. In the first A phase, baseline target behaviors are measured. An intervention is applied during the B condition while the same behaviors are assessed. The second A phase (i.e., reversal) measures the effect of withdrawing the intervention and is used to demonstrate that intervention does not simply reflect practice by allowing performance to return to or approach baseline levels. An ABAB design is a variant that studies the treatment effect on two occasions, and it has the clinical advantage of facilitating treatment beyond the experimental requirements of the study.

Front 2

Abasia

Back 2

The inability to walk. a = not, basis = a step

Front 3

Abiotrophy

Back 3

A programmed loss of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases that reflections a geneetic abnormality. Neural loss may begin at any age from infancy to old age. a-without, bios=life, trophe-nourishment

Front 4

Ablation

Back 4

surgical removal or destruction of tissue.

Front 5

Abscess, brain

Back 5

An encapsulated collection of pus in the brain associated with localized infetion. Brain abscesses typically present with defiits similar to other space-occupying lesions. They are often difficult to treat with antibiotics because the encapsulation wall acts as a barrier, and surgical drainage is often necessary.

Front 6

Abstract attitude

Back 6

The capacity for abstraction characteristic of normal brain function. Loss of abstract attitude was used to describe the inability to see beyond the most simple or pedestrian concepts. Kurt Goldstein, an American neurologist born in Germany, considered the loss of abstract attitude to be a cardinal feature of frontal lobe damage and psychosis. The term is not in active use now, but it is still frequently encountered in older publications.

Front 7

Abulia

Back 7

Lack of initiative or drive, accompanied by a lack of spontaneity in spech, thought, and action.

Front 8

Acetylcholine

Back 8

Major neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system. Excitatory neurotransmitter th atplays an important role in memory formation. Prominent role in involuntary movmeent disorders, which are often managed by pharmacologically decreasing caudate ACh. Decreased ACh is associated with anterograde memory impairment.

Front 9

Which neurotransmitter is the principal neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

Back 9

Acetylcholine

Front 10

Which neurotransmitter is associated with myasthenia gravis?

Back 10

Acetylcholine

Front 11

What nerve is associated with acoustic neuroma?

Back 11

The eighth acoustic cranial nerve. Acoutic neuroma is a benign, slow-growing tumor arising from Schwann cells in the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve.

Front 12

Action tremor is often worse at the beginning or end of motor activity?

Back 12

End of the motor activity.

Front 13

What is the name of a benign epithelial tumor where tumor cells arise from glandular structures?

Back 13

Adenoma