Inrto To Ns

Front 1

plane that divides brain into R/L portions

Back 1

sagittal

Front 2

plane that divides brain into anterior and posterior sections

Back 2

coronal

Front 3

other names for a bundle of axons

Back 3

tract

lemniscus

fasciculus

column

peduncle

capsule

Front 4

bundle of axons in PNS called

Back 4

peripheral nerve

Front 5

group of cell bodies in PNS called

Back 5

ganglie

Front 6

groups of cell bodies in CNS called

Back 6

nuclei

Front 7

groups of cell bodies on surface of brain is called

Back 7

cortex

Front 8

groups of cell bodies deep in CNS are called

Back 8

nuclei

Front 9

connect only with other neurons

Back 9

interneurons

Front 10

functional unit of NS

Back 10

neuron

Front 11

non neuronal cells that provide service to neurons

Back 11

glia

Front 12

peripheral components of the somatic NS include

Back 12

axons, sensory nerve endings, glial cells

Front 13

peripheral components of autonomic system includes

Back 13

entire neurons, sensory nerve endings, synapses, ganglia, and glia

Front 14

all parts of nervous system encased in vertebral column

Back 14

spinal region

Front 15

axons attached to spinal cord are with in the vertebral column until they

Back 15

exit intervertebral foramen

Front 16

the spinal cord extends from___ to ____

Back 16

foramen magnus to the conus medullaris ( l2/L3)

Front 17

how many segments does the spinal cord have

Back 17

31 with a pair of spinal nerves from each sement

Front 18

nerves are connected to the spinal cord via

Back 18

by dorsal and ventral roots

Front 19

enlargement of dorsal root shows__________ which are

Back 19

-dorsal root ganglia

- cell bodies of sensory neurons

Front 20

spinal nerves are formed by

Back 20

union of dorsal and ventral root

Front 21

spinal nerve exits vertebral column via_______ and divides into________

Back 21

- intervertebral foramen

- dorsal and ventral primary rami

Front 22

what is shaped like an "H" and has ventral, dorsal, and lateral horns

Back 22

a cross section of the spinal cord

Front 23

horns contain

Back 23

- cell bodies of motor neurons

- interneurons

- endings of sensory nerves

Front 24

ventral column, lateral column, dorsal column are areas with in

Back 24

the white matter of a cross section of spinal cord

Front 25

brain stem contains

Back 25

medulla, pons, mid-brain, cranial nerves

Front 26

brain stem connects

Back 26

spinal cord with cerebral region

Front 27

many of these travel through the brain stem and other begin or end within the brain stem

Back 27

fiber tracts

Front 28

the brainstem contains groups of neurons which control

Back 28

- equilibrium

- cardio vascular activity

- respiration

- other functions

Front 29

what is equilibrium

Back 29

sensations of head movement, orientation to vertical, postural adjustments

Front 30

which structure is continuous with the spinal cord

Back 30

medulla

Front 31

oval bump on lateral surface of medulla

Back 31

olive

Front 32

pyramid

Back 32

axons projecting from cerebral cortex to spinal cord, crosses mid line here (called decussation)

Front 33

medulla has how many cranial nerves

Back 33

4

Front 34

what is superior to the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum

Back 34

pons

Front 35

the pons contains

Back 35

tracts, nuclei, 4 cranial nerves

Front 36

what is superior to the pons

Back 36

mid brain

Front 37

anteriorly the mid brain contains

Back 37

2 cerebral peduncles with fibers descending from cerebral cortex

Front 38

dorsally the mid brain contains

Back 38

4 rounded bodies:

- 2 superior and 2 inferior colliculi

- 2 cranial nerves

Front 39

what are colliculi important for

Back 39

orientation to stimuli

Front 40

how many pairs of cranial nerves

Back 40

12

Front 41

cranial nerves typically innervate what? and what is the exception

Back 41

- head/neck/face

- vagus nerve which innervates abdominal and thoracic viscera and structures of the head and neck

Front 42

some cranial nerves are purely _____ others are mostly ______ that respond to _______

Back 42

- sensory

- motor/sensory

- movement

Front 43

______ is connected to brain stem by large bundles of fibers called______

Back 43

-cerebellum

- peduncles

Front 44

structure and function of the cerebellum

Back 44

- 2 large cerebellar hemispheres, and a midline vermis

- coordinate movement

Front 45

cerebellar hemispheres are composed of

Back 45

cortex and deep nuclei

Front 46

the diencephalon is with in the

Back 46

cerebrum

Front 47

the diencephalon consists of

Back 47

- thalamus

- hypothalamus

- epithalamus

- sub-thalamus

Front 48

nuclei in center of cerebrum which relays info to cerebral cortex

Back 48

thalamus

Front 49

what type of info does the thalamus relay and what does it regulate

Back 49

- emotional, some memory, and sensation ( touch, visual)

- regulates consciousness, arousal, attention

Front 50

jobs of the hypothalamus

Back 50

- body temp, metabolic rate, chemical compositions and eating

- growth/function of reproductive organs

-expression of emotion and defensive behavior

Front 51

epithalamus contains

Back 51

pineal gland

Front 52

job of pineal gland

Back 52

secretes melatonin

influences sleep/wakefulness cycles

Front 53

subthalamus

Back 53

part of the neural circuit controlling movement

Front 54

the cerebral hemispheres surface structure

Back 54

gyri ( elevations) and sulci ( grooves)

Front 55

the_______ has 6 lobes

Back 55

cerebral hemispheres

Front 56

lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

Back 56

- frontal

- parietal

- temporal

- occipital

- limbic

- insular

Front 57

the central sulcus on the cerebral hemispheres divides

Back 57

frontal and parietal lobes

Front 58

the lateral sulcus of the cerebral hemispheres divides

Back 58

temporal and frontal lobes

Front 59

cerebral cortex is responsible for

Back 59

- appreciating sensory info and creating motor movement

- verbal language and non verbal communication

- personality, intelligence, memory, reasoning

Front 60

commissures are

Back 60

bundles of axons that connect right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum and convey info between them

Front 61

huge commissure

Back 61

corpus callosum

Front 62

a group of axons which projects from the cerebral cortex connecting cortical and sub-cortical structures

Back 62

internal capsule

Front 63

with in white of hemispheres are additional areas of gray known as

Back 63

deep nuclei

Front 64

the most important deep nuclei in cerebrum

Back 64

basal ganglia

Front 65

basal ganglia circuit helps to

Back 65

control movement

Front 66

limbic system is with in

Back 66

cerebrum

Front 67

greatest deep cerebral nuclei with in the limbic system is the

Back 67

amygdala

Front 68

the hippocampus is in what lobe and is included in what system

Back 68

- temporal

- limbic

Front 69

the limbic system is involved in

Back 69

- emotions

- processing of some memory

Front 70

regulates consciousness, arousal, attention

Back 70

thalamus

Front 71

cerebrospinal fluid fills______ then it _____ and finally _______

Back 71

the ventricles then circulates on surface of CNS and then is reabsorbed into venous blood system

Front 72

ventricles are

Back 72

four continuous cavities within brain

Front 73

the meningies are part of what system

Back 73

cerebrospinal system

Front 74

modified filtrate of plasma

Back 74

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 75

locations of ventricles

Back 75

1st/2nd: paired lateral in cerebral hemspheres

3rd: slit in diencephalon

4th: posterior to pons and medulla and anterior to cerebellum ..and continues through medulla and spinal cord as central canal

Front 76

CSF secreted by

Back 76

choroid plexus with in ventricles

Front 77

lateral ventricals are connected to the 3rd vent via

Back 77

interventricular foramina

Front 78

3rd and 4th ventricals connected by

Back 78

cerebral aqueduct

Front 79

dura mater

Back 79

outer most layer, seen grossly, 2 projections that separate parts of the brain: falx cerebri and tentorium cerebellie

Front 80

falx cerebri separates

Back 80

cerebral hemispheres

Front 81

tentorium cerebelli separates

Back 81

cerebral hemisphere from cerebellum

Front 82

can see grossly, middle meninges

Back 82

arachnoid

Front 83

innermost meninges, cant see grossly

Back 83

pia

Front 84

dura sinuses

Back 84

within dura

return CSF and venous blood to jugular veins

Front 85

CSF regulates_____and provides_____

Back 85

- contents of extracellular fluid

- buoyancy to CNS

Front 86

provide most of blood to cerebrum and divided into________

Back 86

- 2 internal carotid arteries

- anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Front 87

the middle cerebral artery supplies

Back 87

lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres

Front 88

supply blood to medulla and upper spinal cord

Back 88

2 vertebral arteries

Front 89

vertebral arteries join to form

Back 89

basilar artery

Front 90

basilar artery supplies

Back 90

-pons and cerebellum

Front 91

basilar artery divides to become

Back 91

posterior cerebral arteries

Front 92

posterior cerebral arteries supply

Back 92

midbrain and interposterior cerebrum

Front 93

anterior, middle, and posterior arteries form____ which is located on _____

Back 93

- circle of willis

- inferior surface or cerebrum

Front 94

venous blood from ______ drains into______ and then drains into ______

Back 94

- cerebrum

- dural sinuses ( dura mater)

- jugular veins

Front 95

categories of lesions

Back 95

- focal

- multifocal

- diffuse

Front 96

focal lesion

Back 96

single location ( ie: tumor in spinal cord)

Front 97

multifocal lesion

Back 97

several, non symmetrical locations ( tumor that has metastasized)

Front 98

diffuse lesion

Back 98

affecting bilateral symmetrical structures ( Alzheimer's)

Front 99

what do you need to know from a structured interview regarding the history section of a neurological evaluation

Back 99

- speed of onset

- cause

-pattern of progression

- mental status

Front 100

acute onset ( minutes to hours) usually indicates

Back 100

vascular problems

Front 101

sub-acute onset ( progressing to max symptoms and symptoms over several days) frequently indicates

Back 101

inflammatory process

Front 102

chronic onset ( gradual worsening for weeks or years) indicates

Back 102

tumor or degenerative disease